Bertrand Russell famously argued that causation is not part of the fundamental physical description of the world, describing the notion of cause as “a relic of a bygone age” (Russell, 1913, p. 1). This paper assesses one of Russell’s arguments for this conclusion: the ‘Directionality Argument’, which holds that the time symmetry of fundamental physics is inconsistent with the time asymmetry of ...

the knowledge of bygone times of a nation and the discovery of the way through which their thought and culture and civilization developed throughout ages, are of great important for the next generations of that nation and their success in future ways of development. unquestionably, the literary works contain the greatest part of the cultural and mental products and legacy of a nation and deserv...

EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have now been firmly established as the first-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating EGFR mutations, based on seven prospective randomized Phase III trials. However, despite significantly improved overall response rate and improved median progression-free survival when compared to platinum-doublet chemotherapy, ...

Th e U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) befi tted an era marked by low party polarization, bipartisanship, and cooperative federalism. Although the ACIR’s work was valuable, the growth of federal power, rise of party polarization, and the decline of bipartisanship, along with many other political, governmental, and social changes during its 37-year life (1959–96), ma...

The author publishes the results of studies trade contacts between Volga Bоlgars and Mordvins in 10th – early 15th centuries. First all, coin hoards are investigated, number coins found burial grounds, as well household items inscriptions indicating presence Bulgars, Tatars analyzed. findings metal boilers kettles among Finno-Ugric peoples, primarily Mordvins, who performed a sacred function, t...

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the interpretation Kyiv’s topos in medieval and modern literary texts. object study Primary Chronicle (“The Tale Bygone Years”) poetry Ukrainian writer Vira Vovk. This topic has not yet been subject scientific analysis, course historical events, it gaining special relevance. It noted that works Vovk, image capital Ukraine meaning sacred space ...

ABSTRACT The ongoing “historical turn” in political science makes it more important than ever that we, as a profession, have open conversations about the nature of evidence we enlist from trained historians. This article emphasizes “history” should be recognized an—often speculative and incomplete—interpretation bygone times places no longer can know for sure. Much what commonly believe past de...

from bygone to now, colors are aspects of nature that have been regarded scientists. in ancient greece, essence of color and its relationship with light and vision in natural philosophy and especially optics has been studied. results of greek thinkers in the field chromatics, from pythagoras to aristotle through of translating scientific and philosophical texts, received to muslim scholars and ...