Empirical evidence examining how risk and protective behaviors may possibly mediate the association between gang membership and school violence is limited. This study utilizes a statewide representative sample of 152 023 Latino, Black and White seventh graders from California to examine a theoretical model of how school risk (e.g. truancy, school substance use and risky peer approval) and prote...

Gang set space is defined as ‘‘the actual area within the neighborhood where gang members come together as a gang’’ (Tita, Cohen, and Engberg 2005:280). The current article examines one subarea of gang set space: where gangs maintain street corner-centered open-air drug markets. Two types of corners—corner markets dominated by one gang and corner markets with multiple gangs—were contrasted with...

We introduce a point process model for inter-gang violence driven by retaliatory behavior. For this purpose we use a coupled system of state-dependent jump stochastic differential equations to model the conditional intensities of the directed network of gang rivalries. The system admits an exact simulation strategy based upon Poisson thinning. The model produces a wide variety of transient or s...

Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have differ...

Nature of experiment.?To ascertain tlie influence of the above drugs in preventing fevers, bowel-complaints and sickness. Method.?On August 19 th, 1896, half the convicts in the Bankura Jail (excluding females, convalescents and those sick in hospital) were selected, by taking every alternate man when in file and putting him in a special gang, called the medicine gang. Their names were taken do...

A preemptive gang scheduler is developed and evaluated. The gang scheduler, called SCoreD , is implemented on top of a UNIX operating system and runs on workstation and PC clusters connected by Myrinet, a giga-bit class, high-performance network. To have high-performance communication at the user-level and a multiuser environment simultaneously, we propose network preemption to save and restore...

Levels and descriptors of violence among European street gangs are summarized from studies reported primarily under the aegis of the Eurogang Program initiated in 1997 and continuing still. European gang violence is placed in the context of its American counterpart, of European non-gang youth violence, and of the definitional and structural components of the Eurogang Program. European gangs in ...

The present study evaluates adolescent gang involvement using crosssectional survey data from 1,475 adolescents living in a disadvantaged Comuna in Medellin, Colombia. Specifically, we examine the prevalence of former and current gang membership, affiliation with gang members, and lives untouched by any gang association. Once these groups are established, we identify variation in membership on ...

Our great-ape relatives are some of the most endangered species on the planet and gorillas are no exception. Taxonomists are not quite agreed on the status of some gorilla populations in central Africa but one group, the Cross River gorilla in Nigeria, is thought to be one of the most critically endangered species worldwide with an estimate of only around 150 individuals remaining. Its neighbou...

Development of CXCR4 antagonist for treatment of AIDS Wan-Gang Gu1* and Xuan Zhang2 1Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China 2School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China *Corresponding author: Dr. Wan-Gang Gu, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medic...