Approximately 5000 new referrals are received every year in the UK for limb amputations [1]. Lower back pain is reported in as high as 52 94% of lower limb amputees, from [2]. Following discharge patients do not receive regular reviews by physiotherapists and often adopt a variety of habitual gait patterns that can lead to back pain. Circumduction is a one such pattern which is thought to contr...

The effectiveness of lower-cost equipment used for running gait retraining is still unclear. objective this systematic review was to evaluate the in altering biomechanical outcomes that may be associated with injuries. literature search included all documents from MEDLINE, Web Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. studies were assessed risk bias using an evaluation tool cross-sectional stud...