Hyponatremia and hyperglycemia are common metabolic disorders which could worsen the outcome after a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). This study aimed to evaluate impact of hyponatremia on stroke its clinical outcome, including morbidity mortality. prospective cohort included 50 patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals. Stroke severity, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), conscious level, gag refle...

OBJECTIVE Transnasal endoscopy may be used to observe the head and neck part readily without excessive reflexes. We aimed to evaluate the utility and stability of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (TN-EGD) in comparison with transoral EGD (TO-EGD) for observation of the pharynx. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study METHODS A total of 497 patients received unsedated TN-EGD with a 5.5 mm diamet...

A middle aged lady presented with fever, generalized tiredness and dysphagia. Neurological evaluation revealed weakness of pharyngeal muscles, uvula,palate with absent gag reflex and a weak sternocleidomastoid muscle. Involvement of 9,10,11,12 cranial nerves in the absence of Horner’s syndrome confirmed the diagnosis of Collet-Sicardsyndome. MR imaging studies revealed a Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosi...

In dental practice, gagging can become a severe problem, and various methods are used for treatment of this problem. study, hypnotherapy was applied to two patients whom procedures could not be carried out due gagging. The first case one in which it thought that the patient would unable use dentures gagging, and, after hypnotherapy, ensured she able her without any second hypnotic-resistant cas...