Methods AIS patients with age over 10 years, Risser sign of 0 to II, within one year postmenarche, Cobb angle of 41 to 50 degrees before treatment and underwent no prior treatment were included in the study. At the final follow-up after the patients reached skeletal maturity, the rate of the patients whose curve was stabilized by the treatment (the curve had not progressed in more than 6 degree...

although filling the gap in reading comprehension gained momentum with the rise of the top-down approach, vygotsky’ concept of scaffolding and the dual code  theory provided a strong support for the use of paratext to enhance comprehension. scaffolding is dependent on other-regulation, one type of which is object-regulation. from this vantage-point, various types of paratext can function as sou...

We describe a comprehensive framework for performing Bayesian inference for Gaussian graphical models based on the G-Wishart prior with a special focus on efficiently including nondecomposable graphs in the model space. We develop a new approximation method to the normalizing constant of a G-Wishart distribution based on the Laplace approximation. We review recent developments in stochastic sea...

Kernel supervised learning methods can be unified by utilizing the tools from regularization theory. The duality between regularization and prior leads to interpreting regularization methods in terms of maximum a posteriori estimation and has motivated Bayesian interpretations of kernel methods. In this paper we pursue a Bayesian interpretation of sparsity in the kernel setting by making use of...

In the Bayesian stochastic search variable selection framework, a common prior distribution for the regression coefficients is the g-prior of Zellner [1986]. However, there are two standard cases in which the associated covariance matrix does not exist, and the conventional prior of Zellner can not be used: if the number of observations is lower than the number of variables (large p and small n...

G-Frames in Hilbert spaces are a redundant set of operators which yield a representation for each vector in the space. In this paper we investigate the connection between g-frames, g-orthonormal bases and g-Riesz bases. We show that a family of bounded operators is a g-Bessel sequences if and only if the Gram matrix associated to its denes a bounded operator.

Created to provide a software cost estimation model suited for a rapidly evolving environment, the COCOMO II model is the result of a 1994 research effort to update the 1981 COnstructive COst MOdel and its 1987 Ada version. Boehm et al [3, 15] provided the initial definition and rationale for this model. The model’s inputs include Source Lines of Code and/or Function Points as the sizing parame...

In this paper we present a fully coherent and consistent objective Bayesian analysis of the linear regression model using intrinsic priors. The intrinsic prior is a scaled mixture of g-priors and promotes shrinkage towards the subspace defined by a base (or null) model. While it has been established that the intrinsic prior provides consistent model selectors across a range of models, the poste...

Avila and Molina [1] introduced the notion of generalized weak structures which naturally generalize minimal structures, generalized topologies and weak structures and the structures α(g),π(g),σ(g) and β(g). This work is a further investigation of generalized weak structures due to Avila and Molina. Further we introduce the structures ro(g) and rc(g) and study the properties of the structures r...