This article discusses some of the mechanisms through which alcohol, delivered pre- or postnatally, alters the activity of the rodent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We show that blockade of prostaglandin synthesis, but not opiate receptors, modestly interfered with the HPA axis to acute alcohol injection. Pretreatment with a low dose of alcohol (0.3 g/kg) did not significantly modif...

purpose : to determine the association between astigmatism and spherical refractive error in a clinical population methods : in this cross-sectional study, 2,000 patients who presented to our optometry clinic were enrolled. all were tested for objective refraction with a nidek ar-310a auto refractometer, and non-cycloplegic refraction. for those under 15 years of age, cycloplegic refraction was...

Embryonic axis formation in vertebrates is initiated by the establishment of the dorsal Nieuwkoop blastula organizer, marked by the nuclear accumulation of maternal β-catenin, a transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt signaling. Known regulators of axis specification include the canonical Wnt pathway components that positively or negatively affect β-catenin. An involvement of G-protein couple...

The effect of horizontal acceleration on human visual acuity and stereopsis is demonstrated in this study. Twenty participants (mean age 22.6 years) were enrolled in the experiment. Acceleration from two different directions was performed at the Taiwan High-Speed Rail Laboratory. Gx and Gy (< and >0.1 g) were produced on an accelerating platform where the subjects stood. The visual acuity and s...

Pal, S.K. and A. Rosenfeld, A fuzzy medial axis transformation based on fuzzy disks, Pattern Recognition Letters 12 (1991) 585-590. A fuzzy disk with cenler P is a fuzzy set in which membership depends only on distance from P. For any fuzzy set 1. there is a maximal fuzzy disk g~ ~j centered al every point P, and j is the sup of the g~'s. (Moreover, if j is fuzzy convex, so is every g~, bUI nOl...

Transcriptional activators of the Trithorax group (TRX-G) and repressors of the Polycomb group (Pc-G) are involved in multiple aspects of embryogenesis in Drosophila and the mouse [1, 2] and appear to have a conserved role in the zygotic control of the development of the anterior-posterior axis [3, 4, 5]. In the model plant Arabidopsis, three Pc-G genes have been isolated and characterized to d...

this study was conducted to investigate some aspects of the reproductive system of exopalaemon styliferus (h. milne edwards, 1840) population in downstream bahmanshir river during summer, 2008. a total of 472 specimens collected from sampling site?? stations, males and females comprised 55.4% and 43.6%, respectively (14.4% ovigerous female and 30.1% non-ovigerous females). the minimum size of m...

Let R be the real number axis. Suppose that G, H are Cm maps from R2n+3 to R. In this note, we discuss the system of finite difference equations G(x,f (x), f (x+1), . . . ,f (x+n),g(x),g(x+1), . . . ,g(x+n))= 0 and H(x,g(x),g(x+1), . . . , g(x+n),f (x),f (x+1), . . . ,f (x+n)) = 0 for all x ∈ R, and give some relatively weak conditions for the above system of equations to have unique Cm solutio...