Fluid shear stress (FSS) is a critical regulator of cation transport in the collecting duct (CD). High-dietary sodium (Na) consumption increases urine flow, Na excretion, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) excretion. We hypothesize that increases in FSS elicited by increasing tubular flow rate induce the release of PGE(2) from renal epithelial cells into the extracellular compartment and regulate ...

Fluid shear stress (FSS) is an important stimulus for cell functions. Compared with the well established parallel-plate and cone-and-plate systems, a rocking "see-saw" system offers some advantages such as easy operation, low cost, and high throughput. However, the FSS spatiotemporal pattern in the system has not been quantified. In the present study, we developed a lubrication-based model to a...

BACKGROUND Patients after the Fontan procedure are at risk for suboptimal functional health status, and associations with laboratory measures are important for planning interventions and outcome measures for clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS Parents completed the generic Child Health Questionnaire for 511 Fontan Cross-Sectional Study patients 6 to 18 years of age (61% male). Associations o...

This microfluidic flow-stretch chip integrates fluid shear stress (FSS) and cyclic stretch (CS), two major mechanical stimulations in cardiovascular systems, for cultured cells. The model chip can deliver FSS and CS simultaneously or independently to vascular cells to mimic the haemodynamic microenvironment of blood vessels in vivo. By imposing FSS-only, CS-only, and FSS+CS stimulation on rat m...

This paper investigates the application of frequencyselective surface (FSS) in reflectarray antennas for the purpose of reducing radar cross section (RCS) level. Different from previous reports, the presented band-stop FSS structure is also characterized by the suppression of surface waves, which makes a contribution to better radiation performance. Two 14×14 reflectarray antennas backed on the...

This paper deals with the theoretical investigation on a reduced sized Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). The FSS is designed by cutting a unique shaped slot into square patch. It has been shown, how the variation of the dimension of the slot and periodicity results in shifting of resonant frequency . Compared to conventional square patch FSS the designed FSS can provide reduction in resonant f...

BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common complaint among stroke survivors and has significant impacts on recovery and quality of life. Limited tools that measure fatigue have been validated in stroke. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) in patients with stroke. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Teaching hos...

Novel reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (RFSS) are designed using a finite-difference time-domain with periodic boundary condition (FDTD/PBC) algorithm. The FSS are reconfigured using two techniques: the first technique providing a wide frequency tuning range is based on using diodes to change the current distribution over the FSS surface, and the second technique exhibiting a finer f...

Fluid shear stress (FSS) is widely explored regarding its influence on osteoblasts. In vitro studies have shown that the cytoskeleton is very important in cellular responses to FSS. However, morphological changes, which would reflect the cytoskeleton changes as well as other cellular responses, were rarely quantitatively studied in the past years. Therefore, FSS-induced morphological changes in...

This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model of two cascade reservoirs in the Upper Yellow River basin for increasing social well-beings in general while simultaneously mitigating ice/flood threats. We first develop a strategy of dimensionality reduction and constraint transformation to largely diminish the complexity of the optimization system and next propose a novel search method...