An effective hybrid cuckoo search algorithm (CS) with improved shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (ISFLA) is put forward for solving 0-1 knapsack problem. First of all, with the framework of SFLA, an improved frog-leap operator is designed with the effect of the global optimal information on the frog leaping and information exchange between frog individuals combined with genetic mutation with a sm...

Rabbit antibodies were prepared against the major hemoglobin components of the larval and adult stages of R. catesbeiana . The properties of the antisera were studied by double immunodiffusion, precipitation, and complement fixation . The antisera to tadpole and frog hemoglobins did not cross-react with either hemoglobin or apohemoglobin . The antiserum against frog hemoglobin was used for the ...

We construct field shapes with distinct amplitude profiles that have nearly identical second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG) traces. Although such fields are not true mathematical ambiguities, they result in experimentally indistinguishable FROG traces. These fields are neither time-reversed copies nor pulselets with a mere relative phase difference, which are w...

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) measurements were made to characterize pulses from a Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplified laser system. By characterizing both the pulse intensity and the phase, the FROG data provided the first direct observation to our knowledge of residual phase distortion in a chirped-pulse amplifier. The FROG technique was also used to measure the regenerative amplif...

Physiological research reported that certain frog species contain antimicrobial substances which is potentially and beneficial in overcoming certain health problem. As a result, there is an imperative need for an automated frog species identification to assist people in physiological research in detecting and localizing certain frog species. This project aims to develop a frog sound identificat...

O R IG IN A L PA ER Abstract Multi-shot pulse-shape measurements of trains of ultrashort pulses with unstable pulse shapes are studied. Measurement techniques considered include spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), polarization gate FROG, and cross-correlation FROG. An analytical cal...

The effects of an organic mercurial compounds, mersalyl, were tested at the muscarinic and nicotinic sites (the smooth muscles, frog heart and frog rectus muscle) in vitro. Mersalyl had an antimuscarinic effect in the smooth muscle tissues and in the myocardium. On the frog rectus muscle, mersalyl had some potentiating effect on acetylcholine response.

Objective: To characterize nicotinic cholinergic receptors (cholinoceptors) in frog rectus abdominis and mouse esophagus. Material and Methods: Isolated preparations of mouse esophagus and frog rectus abdominis were separately mounted in organ baths filled with Krebs and Ringer solutions respectively. The organ bath medium was continuously gassed with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 and the temperature was...

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a technique that produces a spectrogram of an ultrashort laser pulse optically. While a great deal of information about the pulse can be gleaned from its FROG trace, often it is desirable to obtain all of the pulse information immediately, in real time. Quantitative information about the pulse is not readily obtainable from its spectrogram without the...

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a technique used to measure the intensity and phase of ultrashort laser pulses through the optical construction of a spectrogram of the pulse. To obtain quantitative information about the pulse from its spectrogram, an iterative two-dimensional phase retrieval algorithm must be used. Current algorithms are quite robust but retrieval of all the pulse i...