In this first part of a two-part study, experiments were performed to investigate condensation of FC-72 along parallel, square micro-channels with a hydraulic diameter of 1 mm and a length of 29.9 cm, which were formed in the top surface of a solid copper plate. The condensation was achieved by rejecting heat to a counter flow of water through channels brazed to the underside of the copper plat...

brass ferrules have been used as packing in a laboratory- scale glass distillation column approaching pilot plant size because of their availability in all sizes and low cost. the available size range is such that these ferrules could also be used in industry and the results of this study could be scaled up. the performance of the new packing has been compared with the performance of glass pack...

in the present study, computational fluid dynamics (cfd) techniques and artificial neural networks (ann) are used to predict the pressure drop value (δp ) of al2o3-water nanofluid in flat tubes. δp  is predicted taking into account five input variables: tube flattening (h), inlet volumetric flow rate (qi  ), wall heat flux (qnw  ), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ) and nanoparticle diameter (dp ...

the harvested walnut has a relatively high moisture content of 30% compared with the safe storage moisture content of 8%. one of the common means of reducing the moisture content is by drying. for design of drying and other aeration systems for agricultural products including walnuts, the relationship between the drop in pressure and airflow velocity must be known. an airflow resistance app...

calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. the upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. in this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...