Possibilities to account for the mechanism of freeze-thaw injury to isolated protoplasts of Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Winter Bloomsdale were investigated. A freeze-thaw cycle to -3.9 C resulted in 80% lysis of the protoplasts. At -3.9 C, protoplasts are exposed to the equivalent of a 2.1 osmolal solution. Isolated protoplasts behave as ideal osmometers in the range of concentrations tested (0.35...

The Turan number of a graph G is the maximum number of edges in a graph on n vertices that does not contain G. For graphs G with χ(G) = r, a celebrated theorem of Erdős and Stone [2] states that the Turan number of G is ( r−2 r−1 + o (1) ) ( n 2 ) . For bipartite graphs, this result only tell us that the Turan number is o (n). The 3-dimensional cube Q is the graph with vertex set {0, 1} where t...

Reports an efficient chemoenzymatic production of an N-acetylhexosamine 1-phophate analogues library by N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK) and describes the respective substrate specificity on this enzyme.

In this paper, we propose to extend the Barendregt Cube by generalising reduction and by adding definition mechanisms. We sho;' that this extension satisfies all the original properties of the Cube including Church Rosser, Subject Reduction and Strong Normalisation.

AIMS Cloning, expression and characterization of a new cold-adapted protease with potential biotechnological application, isolated from Antarctic bacteria. METHOD AND RESULTS A subtilisin-like gene was isolated from several Antarctic bacterial genus using CODPEHOP-designed primers and a genome walking method. This gene encodes a precursor protein, which undergoes an autocatalytic cleavage res...

Bluetooth is a wireless communication standard developed for personal area networks (PAN) that gained popularity in the last years. It was designed to connect a few devices together, however nowadays there is a need to build larger networks. Construction and maintenance algorithms have great effect on performance of the network. We present an algorithm based on Cube Connected Cycles (CCC) topol...

We prove tight bounds for crossing numbers of hypercube and cube connected cyc1es (CCC) graphs.