Social media has become an essential platform in the field of digital political communication. In context accommodating electoral campaigns to and absence barriers freedom expression existing on these platforms, attacks rivals negative are increasing social media. This research analyzes use criticism Facebook by actors during campaign citizens’ reactions messages. The sample (n = 601) contains ...

When do citizens’ voices and demands result in improved state responsiveness, transparency and accountability? First, when the citizenry is active in shaping policy priorities and demanding greater openness and responsiveness from the state. Second, if state institutions view their responsibilities to citizens as central. In reality, however, the state in many developing countries is not suffic...

Introduction T Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982)1 guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society. The Charter details four fundamental freedoms: freedom of conscience and religion; freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression,...

the vibration of cable-stayed bridges subjected to the passage of high-speed trains is studied in this article. the moving train includes a number of wagons, each of which is modeled as a four-axle system possessing 48 degrees of freedom. the car model is nonlinear and three-dimensional and includes nonlinear springs and dampers of primary and secondary suspensions, dry friction between differe...

Established as a personal right, the right to free speech implies obligations and duties, which may generate possible restrictions. Freedom of expression works correctly in legal framework when it comes legitimate aim state law. Article 10, paragraph 2, Convention explains conditions under freedom is justified by need protect certain public interests (such those relating national security, terr...

one of the thinkers¨ demands for governments is to take due care of the social rights of citizens thus far. no doubt, imam `ali (a.s.), as a muslim ruler, concentrated on maintaining man¨s rights both in theory and in practice. this article refers to the relationship between the right and the duty from imam ali¨s viewpoint, studies the foundations of man¨s rights and duties and discusses imam a...