Functional residual capacity (FRC) accuracy is essential for deriving multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) indices, and is the basis for device validation. Few studies have compared existing MBNW devices. We evaluated in vitro and in vivo FRC using two commercial MBNW devices, the Exhalyzer D (EM) and the EasyOne Pro LAB (ndd), and an in-house device (Woolcock in-house device, WIMR). FRC mea...

We present compelling empirical evidence for a new interpretation of the Forward Rate Curve (frc) term structure. We find that the average frc follows a squareroot law, with a prefactor related to the spot volatility, suggesting a Value-at-Risk like pricing. We find a striking correlation between the instantaneous frc and the past spot trend over a certain time horizon. This confirms the idea o...

We present compelling empirical evidence for a new interpretation of the Forward Rate Curve (frc) term structure. We find that the average frc follows a squareroot law, with a prefactor related to the spot volatility, suggesting a Value-at-Risk like pricing. We find a striking correlation between the instantaneous frc and the past spot trend over a certain time horizon. This confirms the idea o...

There is a need for an automated bedside functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement method that can continually monitor both the size and a change in size of a patient’s lung volume during mechanical ventilation without the use of bulky equipment, expensive tracer gases or step increases in inspired oxygen fraction. We developed a CO2 rebreathing method for FRC measurement that simply requi...

BACKGROUND Postural changes are known to affect normal lung volumes. A reduction in sitting to supine functional residual capacity (FRC) is well-described in non-obese subjects adopting a supine position. However, postural changes in lung volumes in the obese require further exploration. We aimed to longitudinally address the effects of weight loss on postural changes in lung volumes and pulmon...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of routine functional residual capacity (FRC) measurements in healthy preschool children aged 2.7-6.4 yrs. Furthermore, accuracy and reproducibility were investigated and normal values were collected. A mass-produced closed-circuit helium dilution device (rolling seal) was used. Selection of the 113 healthy children (from the 571 measure...

The implications of intersectoral factor reallocation costs (FRC) for economic growth are investigated by employing a stylised two-sector growth model with explicit FRC. It is shown that FRC are important to understand a number of empirical facts on economic growth: (i) Flexible economies are more likely to take advantage of favourable technology shocks. This mechanism might explain why some ec...

Oxalic acid is found in dietary sources (such as coffee, tea, and chocolate) or is produced by the intestinal microflora from metabolic precursors, like ascorbic acid. In the human intestine, oxalate may combine with calcium, sodium, magnesium, or potassium to form less soluble salts, which can cause pathological disorders such as hyperoxaluria, urolithiasis, and renal failure in humans. In thi...

We evaluated the ability of UNICEF-designed pot-chlorinators to achieve recommended free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in well water in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during a cholera outbreak. Thirty wells were randomly selected from six neighbourhoods. Pot-chlorinators--perforated plastic bottles filled with gravel, sand and calcium hypochlorite granules--were placed in each well. FRC was measured b...

Airway obstruction in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with lung hyperinflation. In this review, we examine the mechanisms that may cause functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) to increase during acute and chronic airway obstruction. Normally, FRC at rest is determined by the static characteristics of the...