A rich history of investigation documents various Drosophila-yeast mutualisms, suggesting that Drosophila suzukii similarly has an association with a specific yeast species or community. To discover candidate yeast species, yeasts were isolated from larval frass, adult midguts, and fruit hosts of D. suzukii. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) technology and decimal diluti...

Farming black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) leads to two products; BSFL as high quality protein/lipid and leftover ‘frass’ an organic fertiliser. Little information exists on the influence of different substrates mineral composition these products. In this study, orange or banana peels, fruit in their combination were fed for weeks. survival was (95-100%) not significantly among...

We study generalization capability of the mixture of experts learning from examples generated by another network with the same architecture. When the number of examples is smaller than a critical value, the network shows a symmetric phase where the role of the experts is not specialized. Upon crossing the critical point, the system undergoes a continuous phase transition to a symmetry breaking ...

Insect protein production is considered a sustainable alternative to livestock which furthermore utilizes waste streams. Its can have positive but also potentially negative environmental effects, require evaluation. Frass, the byproduct of insect production, regarded an efficient organic fertilizer or soil amendment. However, several studies report frass effects on plant growth and nitrogen (N)...

We construct the effective action and gap equations for nonperturbative fermion 4-point functions. Our results apply to situations in which fermion masses can be ignored, which is the case for theories of strong flavor interactions involving standard quarks and leptons above the electroweak scale. The structure of the gap equations is different from what a naive generalization of the 2-point ca...

Nutrient richness of wood mould in tree hollows with the Scarabaeid beetle Osmoderma eremita.— Trunk hollows with wood mould harbour a rich invertebrate fauna with many threatened species, and it has been suggested that the beetle Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) is a keystone species in this community. We estimated the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in wood mould and compared th...