one of the most important predator-prey interactions is functional response which its type and parameters are affected by different factors including host plant characteristics. in this research, the influence of leaf surface on functional response and prey consumption rate of third instar larvae of the episyrphus balteatus (de geer, 1776) (diptera: syrphidae) to third instar nymphs of aphis go...

the complex-step derivative approximation is applied to compute numerical derivatives. in this study, we propose a new formula of fractional complex-step method utilizing jumarie definition. based on this method, we illustrated an approximate analytic solution for the fractional cauchy-euler equations. application in image denoising is imposed by introducing a new fractional mask depending on s...