Objective(s): To investigate the effect of cocoa on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ β ligand (RANKL) levels after OTM.Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. They were equally divided into two groups: cocoa and control. The upper incisors of all rats were subjected to 35 cN orth...

The lowest energy excitations of a quantum Hall ferromagnet are generalized SU(4) spin waves that can be real spin, valley pseudospin waves, or mixed spin-valley (see image). In this paper, the dispersion relations these different spin-wave types investigated based on phase diagram at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$. three four phases, there one more linearly dis...

The Jordan-Wigner transformation is known as a powerful tool in condensed matter theory, especially in the theory of low-dimensional quantum spin systems. The aim of this chapter is to review the application of the Jordan-Wigner fermionization technique for calculating dynamic quantities of low-dimensional quantum spin models. After a brief introduction of the Jordan-Wigner transformation for o...

In this note we consider compactifications ofM-theory on Spin(7)-holonomy manifolds to three-dimensional Minkowski space. In these compactifications a warp factor is included. The conditions for unbroken N = 1 supersymmetry give rise to determining equations for the 4-form field strength in terms of the warp factor and the self-dual 4-form of the internal manifold.

Furuta in [19] had obtained an estimate b (X) ≥ 2+ 10 8 ·|signature (X) | for spin manifolds with arbitrary fundamental groups and nonzero signature. The main theorem 2.1 in this note generalizes Furuta’s 10/8-theorem to the case of spin four-manifolds bounding disjoint unions of rational homology spheres. Theorem 1.1 is deduced from this generalized 10/8-theorem. To get an idea, how this comes...

We give the full set of S matrices for extensions of D(n)1 permutation orbifolds, extending our previous work to the yet unknown case of integer spin spinor currents. The main tool is triality of SO(8). We also provide fixed point resolution matrices for spinor currents of D(n)1 permutation orbifolds with n even and not multiple of four, where the spinor currents have half-integer spin.

This paper studies nonlinear deformations of the linear gauge theory of any number of spin-2 and spin-3/2 fields with general formal multiplication rules in place of standard Grassmann rules for manipulating the fields, in four spacetime dimensions. General possibilities for multiplication rules and coupling constants are simultaneously accommodated by regarding the set of fields equivalently a...