background: every year many organizations formulate a code of ethics (coe) but when it comes to implementing, it does not achieve the desired purposes. ineffectiveness of coes can stem from different factors and surely, one of them is bad formulation. this research was conducted to identify the barriers to effective formulation of coes in one of the main state universities of medical sciences i...

Expressions for peak and average powers required to produce a given average gradient in an accelerator section are given. They are valid for both lossy and lossless (superconducting) sections, for both traveling wave and standing wave sections, and for pulsed or continuous wave rf input. The expressions are given in terms of structure parameters that are equally applicable to traveling wave or ...

This paper proposes a formal definition of design problem using the axiomatic theory of design modeling. Based on the concept of product system and an informal description of design problem, a design problem is formulated into three parts: environment, structural requirements, as well as performance requirements. On the basis of this formulation, both structural requirements and performance req...

Problem formulation is an important part of the design process that has been largely underexplored. Similarly, the relationship between how designers formulate problems and creative outcome is not well understood. To shed light on what the process of problem formulation can tell us about creativity in design, we use the problem map model – a flexible, domainindependent ontology for modeling the...

in this research, the production of plum pastille-like with starch and gelatin was studied. thirteen formulation of plum pastille-like were prepared according to a second-order composite rotatable design (with five central points). response surface methodology (rsm) was used to optimize product formulation with: gelatin concentration ranging from 3.85 to 6.925 % (w/w), and starch concentration ...

One of the most significant issues in pharmaceutical industries, prior to commercializationof a pharmaceutical preparation is the “preformulation” stage. However, far too attention hasbeen paid to verification of the software assisted statistical designs in preformulation studies.The main aim of this study was to report a step by step preformulation approach for a semisolidpreparation based on ...

Probabilistic design to address uncertainty and variability has been approached from many different angles, by different communities. While reliability methods focus on probability of constraint satisfaction or violation, robust design methods have focused primarily on the level of performance variation, the sensitivity of design objectives. “Six Sigma” quality concepts have arisen more recentl...