In a two-stage supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer, the supply chain models under a fuzzy environment are researched. The parameters of market demand function, the costs of the supplier and retailer are treated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The decision processes are analyzed under the decentralized and centralized decision, and the decision model with revenue sharing contract is...

This paper discusses the influence of time inconsistency problem on technology-leading firms' choice between in-house production and technology transfer. Because of incredibility of innovator's commitment of not exporting after licensing, she may not be able to extract rent from licensing as much as when she could commit credibly. Facing this distortion, she chooses in-house production when the...

Economists often favor market-based mechanisms over non-market based mechanisms to allocate scarce public resources on grounds of economic efficiency and revenue generation. When the usage of the resources in question generates type-dependent negative externalities, the welfare comparison can become ambiguous. Both types of allocation mechanisms are being implemented in China’s major cities to ...

Next Generation Access networks (NGA) entail significant investments but bring with it promises of a ―brand new world‖ in telecommunications. In this paper, we provide an overview of some of its implications. In particular, we argue that it is not clear whether the ―old‖ vertical integration model, where network operators provide end-to-end services, is likely to be maintained. But we also argu...

There are limited data on the frequency of foregone health service use in defined populations. Here we describe Thai patterns of health service use, types of health insurance used and reports of foregone health services according to geo-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Data on those who considered they had needed but not received health care over the previous year were obtained fr...

We investigated whether narcissism affected dynamic decision-making performa nce in the presence and absence of misleading information. Perfo rmance was examined in a two-choic e dynamic decision-making task where the optimal strategy was to forego an option providing larger immedia te rewards in favor of an option that led to larger delayed rewards. Information regarding foregone rewards from ...

We investigated whether narcissism affected dynamic decision-making performance in the presence and absence of misleading information. Performance was examined in a two-choice dynamic decision-making task where the optimal strategy was to forego an option providing larger immediate rewards in favor of an option that led to larger delayed rewards. Information regarding foregone rewards from the ...

This analysis examines the gaps in health care financing in Malawi and how foregone taxes could fill these gaps. It begins with an assessment of the disease burden and government health expenditure. Then it analyses the tax revenues foregone by the government of Malawi by two main routes: Illicit financial flows (IFF) from the country, Tax incentives. We find that there are significant financin...