BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the echocardiographic follow-up of patent foramen ovale, which is considered a potential etiological factor in various diseases, and to determine the factors affecting spontaneous closure. METHODS Between January 2000 and June 2012, records of 918 patients with patent foramen ovale were retrospectively reviewed. Patency of less than 3 mm...

There are contradicting data and reports regarding the position of the mandibular lingula in relation to the mandibular foramen and the mylohyoid groove. The current observation attempts to describe the location of the lingula in relation to the mandibular foramen, and the location of the mylohyoid groove in relation to the lingula and mandibular foramen. Fifty adult black Tanzanian mandibles w...

Purpose. This study was carried out on an Iranian population aiming to investigate mental foramen position relative to inferior border of mandible and skeletal midline and its gender and age differences on CBCT projections. Materials and Methods. A number of 180 CBCT images of patients were analyzed in different planes (tangential, cross-sectional, and axial). The distances from the superior bo...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of apical foramen widening on the healing of chronic periapical lesions in dogs' teeth after root canal filling with Sealer 26 or Endomethasone. STUDY DESIGN Forty root canals of dogs' teeth were used. After pulp extirpation, the canals were exposed to the oral cavity for 180 days for induction of periapical lesions, and then instr...

PURPOSE To define the variations of the courses of the cranial nerves and the inferior petrosal sinuses as they enter and traverse the jugular foramen. METHODS Thirty-nine cadaveric specimens containing the jugular foramen were scanned with 1-mm contiguous axial and coronal CT sections. Each specimen was dissected to evaluate the position of the cranial nerves and inferior petrosal sinus as t...

It has been noted that a low degree of ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils on MR is of questionable significance. We measured the position of the cerebellar tonsils with respect to the inferior aspect of the foramen magnum in 200 normal patients and in 25 patients with a firm diagnosis of Chiari I malformation. In the normal group, the mean position of the tonsils was 1 mm above the foramen magnu...

Background and Purpose Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale is a recognized cause of stroke, but clinical predictors, recurrence rate, and prevention of brain infarcts in patients with patent foramen ovale have not been determined. We reviewed transesophageal echocardiographic records to ascertain echocardiographic predictors and optimal prophylaxis for patent foramen ovale-relat...

The mental foramen is described in literature as an oval or circular opening on the anterior surface of the mandible, usually below the apex of the first or second premolar or between the first and second premolars. The inferior alveolar nerve and artery enter the mandibular foramen and after traveling through the body, exit at the mental foramen as the mental nerve and vessels. These nerves pr...

The foramen tympanicum is an anatomical variation that is created in the tympanic plate of temporal bone during the first year of life. The tympanic plate grows and foramen tympanicum is gradually closed by about the fifth postnatal year. However, due to a defect in normal ossification, foramen tympanicum sporadically remains throughout life. The construction of a shopping center in Tabriz, nor...