The influence of plasma density scalelength on the production of MeV protons from thin foil targets irradiated at Iλ = 5x10Wcm has been studied. With an unperturbed foil, protons with energy > 20MeV were formed in exponential energy spectrum with a temperature 2.5± 0.3 MeV. When a plasma with a scalelength of 100μm was preformed on the back of the foil the maximum proton energy was reduced to <...

PURPOSE To create a user friendly, accurate, real time computer simulator to facilitate the design of dual foil scattering systems for electron beams on radiotherapy accelerators. The simulator should allow for a relatively quick, initial design that can be refined and verified with subsequent Monte Carlo (MC) calculations and measurements. METHODS The simulator consists of an analytical algo...

Tuna are fast, economical swimmers in part due to their stiff, high aspect ratio caudal fins and streamlined bodies. Previous studies using passive caudal fin models have suggested that while high aspect ratio tail shapes such as a tuna's generally perform well, tail performance cannot be determined from shape alone. In this study, we analyzed the swimming performance of tuna-tail-shaped hydrof...

The technically pure copper is being replaced by aluminium as conductive material in electrical transformers for power systems. This evolution brings new manufacturing challenges. One major difficulty is the limited weld ability and non-acceptable residual deformations of the aluminium, when welded by fusion arc welding processes. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was selected for evaluation cons...

Multi-relational rule mining is important for knowledge discovery in relational databases as it allows for discovery of patterns involving multiple relational tables. Inductive logic programming (ILP) techniques have had considerable success on a variety of multi-relational rule mining tasks, however, most ILP systems do not scale to very large datasets. In this paper we present two extensions ...

ILP, in short, induces a hypothesis H that explains target relations from their positive and negative examples E with background knowledge B. QUINLAN's FOIL [1], known as one of the most successful ILP systems, requires a set of all examples T R belonging to relation R in B. FOIL starts with the left-hand side of the clause and specializes it keeping a training set T that starts from E to evalu...

FOIL is a learning system that constructs Horn clause programs from examples. This paper summarises the development of FOIL from 1989 up to early 1993 and evaluates its eeectiveness on a non-trivial sequence of learning tasks taken from a Prolog programming text. Although many of these tasks are handled reasonably well, the experiment highlights some weaknesses of the current implementation. Ar...

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to value added multi-carbon products is great importance and a promising approach mitigate greenhouse gases. In this work, we report the fabrication electrodes by depositing Cu over metallic foils Zn, which show high faradic efficiency for CO2 formic acid, acetate, methanol. The morphology, phase oxidation state were different on two while maintainin...

We present a method of embedding Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) into flexible printed circuit board (FPC) and its interconnection by means through-hole copper plating. The resulting assembly, baptised "MAPS foil", is flexible, light, protected, fully integrated detector module. By using widely available manufacturing techniques, the production these devices can be scaled easily in size v...