Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN-2): An Update. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome. The disorder is caused by missense mutations of the RET proto-oncogene that result in their gain of function. Three distinct clinical subtypes of MEN-2 are characterized: MEN-2A, MEN-2B, and familial MTC (FMTC). The precise RET mutations may su...

Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 is highly acid tolerant and a good competitor for Phaseolus vulgaris nodule occupancy at low pH values. Using Tn5 mutagenesis, we identified an operon required for acid tolerance and nodulation competitiveness. The insertion was mapped to the 5' end of atvA, encoding a product with high sequence identity to the agro-bacterial AcvB virulence protein. Complementation ana...

Background: Once genetic testing accurately identifies MEN 2 gene carriers, affected children are given the opportunity to undergo thyroidectomy at the earliest stages of the C-cell disease. Objective: To define reliable parameters by which to identify the best moment for thyroidectomy in patients who are carriers of the MEN 2 gene. Patients and methods: Seventy-one MEN 2/FMTC gene carriers, co...

127 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndromes are autosomally dominant clinical associations characterised by a number of tumours, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), phaeochromocytoma, thyroid C-cell hyperplasia (CCH), parathyroid tumours (MEN2A) and ganglioneuroma of the gastrointestinal tract (MEN2B). The common factor in the MEN2 syndromes is MTC, a poorly differentiated...

An association between moenomycin resistance and vancomycin intermediate resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrated previously. Thus, to elucidate the mechanism of vancomycin intermediate resistance, we searched for factors contributing to moenomycin resistance. Random Tn551 insertional mutagenesis of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain COL yielded three mutants with decreased susc...

In this issue of Surgery, Bugalho and colleagues from Portugal, present their experience with RET testing of patients with sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Although their targeted approach to RET testing for patients in whom the mutation status is unknown (presumed sporadic MTC) is not often practiced in this country (where sequencing of exons 10, 11, and 13 to 16 is com...

Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germline activating mutations of the RET proto-oncogene and has been categorized into three distinct clinical forms. MEN-2A is associated with MTC, bilateral pheochromocytoma, and ...

OBJECTIVE Both multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) are caused by germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. A broad spectrum of malignancy within and between families has been described with no clear genotype-phenotype correlation due to a scarcity of available data of large kindreds. DESIGN Here we present the only known family wit...