Foot-and-mouth disease Virus (FMDV) is an economically important, highly contagious picornavirus that affects both wild and domesticated cloven hooved animals. In developing countries, the effective laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is often hindered by inadequate sample preservation due to difficulties in the transportation and storage of clinical material. These factors can...

Inactivated foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have been used successfully as part of eradication programmes. However, there are a number of concerns with the use of such vaccines and the recent outbreaks of FMD in disease-free countries have increased the need for improved FMD control strategies. To address this requirement, new generation FMD vaccines are being developed. Currently, one of...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) can spread by a variety of mechanisms which, under certain climatic and epidemiological conditions, includes the windborne spread of disease. Recent advances in knowledge of the aerobiological features of FMD are described. The strain of virus and species of infected animal are major determinants of airborne virus emission. Pigs emit most virus, cattle and sheep les...

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses, which includes viruses that cause a number of high consequence human and animal diseases in addition to Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, polio, and encephalomyocarditis. FMDV infects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals, including bovine, caprine, ovine and s...

Persistent or inapparent infection, the so-called carrier state, is an important feature of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in ruminants. This may occur in non-vaccinated as well as in vaccinated ruminants following exposure to infectious FMD virus. Although the amount of infective virus that can be recovered from carriers is small, the virus can be present in some ruminants for months and in catt...

The ability of a single administration of a high, medium and low potency foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine to decrease or inhibit local virus replication and excretion in the oropharynx of sheep following aerosol challenge with homologous live virus 14 days later was examined. Unvaccinated sheep showed signs of clinical FMD, whereas all of the vaccinated sheep, regardless of antigen payload,...

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causing significant economical losses in livestock animals. In this study FMD Virus type A87/IRN was cultured and multiplied on BHK21 cells. The FMD virus was titrated by the Tissue Culture Infection Dose50 method (TCID50 /ml), the virus titration was 10. The FMD virus samples were irradiated and inactivated b...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral infection capable of rapid horizontal spread between infected and susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. In the vast majority of cases transmission occurs following physical or close contact between acutely infected and susceptible individuals: high levels of FMD virus occur in all secretions as well as aerosols derived predominantly from the respiratory trac...

BACKGROUND Ethiopian livestock production and productivity is still very low due to widespread of diseases. Among the diseases, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious and acute viral disease that causes significant economic problems in the country. A cross sectional study design was conducted from September 2015 to May 2016 to isolate and characterize FMD virus from outbreak ca...