Here, we describe our updated mathematical model of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia metabolism, which adds the glucosinolates, an important group of secondary metabolites, to the reactions of primary metabolism. In so doing, we also describe the evolutionary origins of the enzymes involved in glucosinolate synthesis. We use this model to address a long-standing question in plant evolutionary biol...

*Correspondence: Wesley T. Fraser, Geography, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK e-mail: [email protected] Sporopollenin is the primary component of the outer walls of pollen and spores. The chemical composition of sporopollenin is responsive to levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, via a concomitant change in the concen...

Airborne flux measurements of isoprene were performed over the Californian oak belts surrounding the Central Valley. The authors demonstrate for the first time 1) the feasibility of airborne eddy covariance measurements of reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds; 2) the effect of chemistry on the vertical transport of reactive species, such as isoprene; and 3) the applicability of wavelet ...

MgB2 superconducting bulk materials are characterized as simple and uniform metallic compounds, capable of trapping field non-distorted conical shapes. Although pulsed-field magnetization technique (PFM) is expected to be a cheap an easy way activate them, the heat generation due magnetic flux motion causes serious degradation captured fields. The authors precisely estimated property samples, f...

BACKGROUND There has been much recent interest in accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in uraemic patients. Analysis of AGE has been difficult, because commonly used methodologies, i.e. immunodetection assays or fluorescence measurements, reflect group reactivity and are not specific for chemically defined substances. Some investigators measured individual AGE compounds, e.g. p...

In addition to proteins, L-phenylalanine is a versatile precursor for thousands of plant metabolites. Production of phenylalanine-derived compounds is a complex multi-compartmental process using phenylalanine synthesized predominantly in plastids as precursor. The transporter(s) exporting phenylalanine from plastids, however, remains unknown. Here, a gene encoding a Petunia hybrida plastidial c...

Vertical gradients of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured over a maize (Zea mays) field, in its early growth period, during May 1995, in the Lower Coastal Plains of North Carolina. These measurements were combined with micrometeorological flux measurements to determine emission flux measurements for various VOCs. This measurement program was part of project NOVA (Natural emissions o...

Investigations of the system Ba–In–Sn, with the objective to synthesize Ba8In16Sn30 clathrate using Sn and In flux reactions, yielded instead the known BaSn3 compound (P63/mmc; a = 7.228(2) Å, c = 5.469(3) Å) from Sn flux and its In-doped variant BaSn2.8In0.2(1) (a = 7.260(1) Å, c = 5.382(2) Å) from In flux. BaSn3–xInx is the first, and up until now, the only ternary phase containing these elem...

fresh juices of colourful wild berries: cornelian cherry, blackthorn, white beam and elderberry are considered as valuable, highly nutritive beverages and characterized by the high level of vitamins and antioxidant capacity. the concentration process of these juices by membrane osmotic distillation was studied, where only water vapour is eliminated, while the heat sensitive, valuable compounds ...

textile wastewaters due to the toxic effects of dyestuffs and other organic compounds and their stability toward light and oxidizing agents have led to an environmental problem. several treatment methods for dye removal have been investigated. membrane process is one of the simplest and most effective methods for dye removal from industrial wastewaters. electrospun nanofibrous membranes have hi...