majority of the critically ill patients usually have some degrees of organ dysfunction or failure. during the organs’ failure period, patients usually hospitalized in icu and the icu itself should be considered as a professional and optimized location for continuous organ replacement therapy as a bridge to recovery or a bridge to transplant. a suitable approach is using organ replacement therap...

Timing of therapy plays a pivotal role in intensive care patients. Although being evident and self-explanatory, it has to be considered that the appropriateness of a specific therapeutic intervention is likewise important. In view of antibiotic therapy of critically ill patients, the available evidence supports the concept of hitting hard, early (as soon as possible and at least before the onse...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the importance of intravenous fluid dose and composition in surgical ICU patients. On the basis of updated physiologic postulates, we suggest guidelines for the use of crystalloids and colloids. Goal-directed fluid therapy is advocated as a means for avoiding both hypovolemia and hypervolemia. RECENT FINDINGS Integrity of the endothelial surface layer (...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well-established form of therapy for stage 5 chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. D-Glucose has been used successfully for several decades as the osmotic agent employed in dialysis solutions to achieve adequate fluid removal. The absorption of 100-200 grams of glucose per day has been suggested as potentially increasing cardiometabolic risk, ...

Volume replacement therapy is crucial to the treatment of hypovolemic shock. In patients with certain conditions, limiting the volume of fluid administered has many potential therapeutic benefits and technical advantages. Hypertonic saline and colloids have characteristics that allow effective treatment of hypovolemic shock using relatively smaller volumes than would be required for isotonic cr...

BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for admission of infants to hospital in developed countries. Fluid replacement therapy is required in about 30% of children admitted with bronchiolitis. There are currently two techniques of fluid replacement therapy that are used with the same frequency-intravenous (IV) or nasogastric (NG).The evidence to determine the optimum route of hydrati...

We report here the course and treatment of a patient with ectopic pheochromocytoma. The patient was cured after treatment with respiratory and circulatory support, multiple-organ protection, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for approximately 2 weeks. After misdiagnosis, a patient with ectopic pheochromocytoma who is being treated should undergo aggressive fluid supplementation an...

In three out of five patients with low cerebrospinal fluid thiamine concentrations, the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) values also were low. All patients received thiamine replacement therapy; they underwent a second lumbar puncture after 13, 6, 7, 5 and 45 days of treatment. In all patients blood and cerebrospinal fluid thiamine values rose after treatment. In those patients with initially...

conclusions in critically ill patients, the symptoms of hypophosphatemia may not be apparent, but clinicians should be vigilant about this complication during therapy. in cases of severe symptoms (e.g., cardiopulmonary distress, anemia and thrombocytopenia, or rhabdomyolysis), phosphate therapy under close surveillance is warranted. introduction although asymptomatic hypophosphatemia is a commo...