Lubricants are important factors in the tribology of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surfaces, which are primarily comprised of a polished metallic or ceramic component articulating on an Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (PE) surface. Wear particles released from the PE surface are the primary cause of TJA failure. The human body responds to the foreign, microscale particles by activatin...

An analytical study was performed to study effects of thermo-diffusion and chemical reactions on a three-dimensional MHD mixed convective flow of dissipative fluid along an infinite vertical porous plate with transverse sinusoidal suction velocity. The parabolic partial differential equations governing the fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer were solved using perturbation technique and...

This paper describes a numerical investigation of seismicity induced during injection into a single, isolated fracture. A model was developed and used that couples (1) fluid flow and (2) rate and state friction. Rate and state friction theory describes how friction on a fault depends on both sliding velocity and past sliding history. Rate and state friction is used widely in earthquake modeling...

Fluid overpressure is one of the primary mechanisms for tectonic fault slip, because fluids lubricate the fault and fluid pressure reduces the effective normal stress that holds the fault in place. However, current models of earthquake nucleation, based on rate- and state- friction laws, imply that stable sliding is favoured by the increase of pore fluid pressure. Despite this controversy, curr...

This article mainly concerns theoretical research on entropy generation influences due to heat transfer and flow in nanofluid suspensions. A conventional nanofluid of alumina-water (Al2O3-H2O) was considered as the fluid model. Due to the sensitivity of entropy to duct diameter, miniand microchannels with diameters of 3 mm and 0.05 mm were considered, and a laminar flow regime was assumed. The ...

On the standard microscopic model of friction we confirm the common belief that the irreversible entropy production originates from the increase of Shannon information. We reveal that the reversible microscopic dynamics would continuously violate the Gibbsian interchangeability of molecules. The spontaneous restoration of interchangeability constitutes the mechanism of irreversibility. This is ...

BACKGROUND Following various types of naturally-occurring traumatic injury to an articular joint, the lubricating ability of synovial fluid is impaired, with a correlated alteration in the concentration and/or structure of lubricant molecules, hyaluronan and proteoglycan-4. However, the effect of arthroscopic cartilage repair surgery on synovial fluid lubricant function and composition is unkno...