The effects of combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ionizing radiation are studied in a human glioma spheroid model. The degree of interaction between the two modalities depends in a complex manner on factors such as PDT irradiation fluence, fluence rate and dose of ionizing radiation. It is shown that gamma radiation and PDT interact in a synergistic manner only if both light fluence and ga...

— We examine the Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) light curves from the first ∼ 150 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Although we expected to find jet breaks at typical times of 1-2 days after the GRB, we find that these appear to be extremely rare. Typical light curves have a break in the slope at about 10 4 s, followed by a single power-law decay whose slope is much too shallow to be consistent wi...

background: understanding of the incident electron energy and angular distributions from clinical electron accelerators (linacs) is important for dosimetry and treatment planning. the most important goals of this study were to evaluate the energy fluence and angular distributions of electron beams from a neptun 10pc linac using the monte carlo (mc) code. materials and methods: the linac electro...

BACKGROUND Low fluence 1,064 nm Q-switched (QS) Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment, also known as laser toning, is widely used for pigmentary disorders. There has been no reliable evaluation of the effect of low fluence 1,064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser for senile lentigo. OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial effect of low fluence 1,064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has been used for therapies such as curing spinal cord injury, healing wound etc. Yet, the mechanism of LPLI remains unclear. In order to determine the effects of high fluence LPLI on cell growth and caspase-3 activity, we have measured the dynamics of caspase-3 activity during cell apoptosis induced by high fluence LPLI treatment. ...

BACKGROUND High-fluence diode lasers with contact cooling have emerged as the gold standard to remove unwanted hair. Lowering the energy should result in less pain and could theoretically affect the efficacy of the therapy. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a low fluence high repetition rate 810-nm diode laser to those of a high fluence, low repetition rate diode laser for perma...

Cardiopulmonary imaging in rodents using micro-computed tomography (CT) is a challenging task due to both cardiac and pulmonary motion and the limited fluence rate available from micro-focus x-ray tubes of most commercial systems. Successful imaging in the mouse requires recognition of both the spatial and temporal scales and their impact on the required fluence rate. Smaller voxels require an ...

The interaction of 180 fs, 775 nm laser pulses with aluminium under a flowing stream of helium at ambient pressure have been used to study the material re-deposition, ablation rate and residual surface roughness. Threshold fluence Fth 0:4 J cm 2 and the volume ablation rate was measured to be 30 < V < 450 mm per pulse in the fluence range 1:4 < F < 21 J cm . The presence of helium avoids gas br...

In order to better understand light dosimetry issues for photodynamic therapy (PDT), we have used various tumor and normal tissue geometries to develop a diffusion model of light transport in tissues. We hypothesize that tumor tissues with curved surfaces will have significantly different internal fluence distributions, as compared to tissues with flat surfaces. Using a mouse subcutaneous tumor...

Purpose. Early postoperative fractional laser treatment has been used to reduce scarring in many institutions, but the most effective energy parameters have not yet been established. This study sought to determine effective parameters in the treatment of facial laceration scars. Methods. From September 2012 to September 2013, 57 patients were enrolled according to the study. To compare the low ...