Pollination regulates a syndrome of developmental responses that contributes to successful sexual reproduction in higher plants. Pollination-regulated developmental events collectively prepare the flower for fertilization and embryogenesis while bringing about the loss of floral organs that have completed their function in pollen dispersal and reception. Components of this process include chang...

Pollination systems are composed of flowering plants and flower visitors, engaging into mutualistic interactions. However, the flower visitors include true pollinators, which pollinate the flower by visiting it through the legitimate way, and also by cheaters, which use the flower′s resources (e.g. nectar and pollen) without pollinating it or been just marginally efficient on pollination. On th...

In recent years, production of text documents has seen an exponential growth, which is the reason why their proper classification seems necessary for better access. One of the main problems of classifying text documents is working in high-dimensional feature space. Feature Selection (FS) is one of the ways to reduce the number of text attributes. So, working with a great bulk of the feature spa...

 Gregor Mendel. Conducted hybridization experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856 – 1863) and proposed laws of inheritance.  Mendel conducted artificial pollination/cross pollination experiments using several true-breeding pea lines.  A true breeding line is one that, having undergone continuous self-pollination for several generations.  Mendel selected 14 true-breeding peas’ plant v...

This paper proposes a novel evolutionary optimization technique referred to the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) for system identification. The optimal parameters of an unknown infinite impulse response (IIR) system are computed using FPA. This algorithm is inspired by the pollination process of flowers. Proper tuning of control parameter has been performed in order to accomplish a balance be...

The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a highly efficient metaheuristic optimization that inspired by the process of flowering species. FPA characterised simplicity in its formulation as well high computational performance and it has been found to outperform other well-established algorithms range diverse problems. present study applies, for first time, computationally challenging optimum de...

We present a model for the gradual evolution towards dioecy in cosexual plants with geitonogamous selfing. We show how geitonogamous selfing (i.e., transfer of pollen between flowers on the same plant) can facilitate the evolution of dioecy (i.e., separate male and female individuals) in cosexual plants (i.e., both sexual functions on the same plant). We study the effect of parameters such as i...

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is the main optimization task in power system operation. Minimizing the fuel cost by optimally setting the real power outputs from generators is the objective of ELD problem. In this work, ELD problem is addressed by considering three different cost functions. Real power generations are adjusted for minimizing the fuel cost by using flower pollination algorithm (FOA...