The neotropical plant, Lantana camara L., introduced as an ornamental plant to several countries, has become invasive weed. It was first reported from Nepal in 1848. About 50 countries have natural enemies for suppression of the India, Nepal’s neighboring country, initiated biological control this weed 1916 and occurrence Lantanophaga pusillidactylus Walker. In a recent survey, Feed future Inte...

Insect herbivory is common, but the conditions under which it reduces the fitness and population size of plants remain poorly understood. We quantified populationlevel impacts of floral herbivory by specialized insects on cobweb thistle (Cirsium occidentale var. occidentale) in a California coastal dune ecosystem, and then compared these demographic effects to those published for Platte thistle...

the present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of artemisia dracunculus l. and the flower heads of matricaria chamomilla l. gc-ms analysis revealed the presence of (z)-anethole (51.72%), (z)-β-ocimene (8.32%), methyleugenol (8.06%), limonene (4.94%) and linalool (4.41%) in artemisia dracunculus and (e)-β-farnesene (24.19%)...

What causes flowers to diverge? While a plant’s primary pollinator should strongly influence floral phenotype, selective pressures may also be exerted by other flower visitors or competition with other plants for pollination. Species of the primarily bat-pollinated genus Burmeistera (Campanulaceae) frequently cooccur, with up to four species in a given site, and broadly overlap in flowering phe...

Vision is a key component of hummingbird behavior. Hummingbirds hover in front of flowers, guide their bills into them for foraging, and maneuver backwards to undock from them. Capturing insects is also an important foraging strategy for most hummingbirds. However, little is known about the visual sensory specializations hummingbirds use to guide these two foraging strategies. We characterized ...

Medicinal plants are that have been identified and known based on human observations to bioactive compounds medicinal properties. This study aims identify describe the types of their use by community in Malintang Village, Bukit District, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. Based research results obtained from interviews with totaling 17 people 370 heads families, it can be concluded there ...

The genus Heringina Aczél, 1940 is revised and shown to belong to the Tephritis group of genera and is closely related to Tephritis and Multireticula. Literature records are revised, and available collection material is listed. The genus includes two species: H. guttata (Fallén 1814) originally described from the sand dunes of southern Sweden and occurring from the Baltic region through Ukraine...