We recorded the responses of 189 medial superior temporal area (MST) neurons by using optic flow, real translational movement, and combined stimuli in which matching directions of optic flow and real translational movement were presented together. One-half of the neurons (48%) showed strong responses to optic flow simulating self-movement in the horizontal plane, and 24% showed strong responses...

Damavand is a large dormant stratovolcano in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran located in one of the most populous provinces, which could be adversely affected by tephra fall from Damavand. The youngest known eruption is a lava flow on the western flanks with an age of 7.3 ka. The volcanic products are predominantly porphyritic trachyandesite. Three major young pumice deposits, named here a...

The Brownian motion of a particle in a harmonic potential, which is simultaneously exposed either to a linear shear flow or to a plane Poiseuille flow is investigated. In the shear plane of both flows the probability distribution of the particle becomes anisotropic and the dynamics is changed in a characteristic manner compared to a trapped particle in a quiescent fluid. The particle distributi...

TopoToolbox is a MATLAB program for the analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs). With the release of version 2, the software adopts an object-oriented programming (OOP) approach to work with gridded DEMs and derived data such as flow directions and stream networks. The introduction of a novel technique to store flow directions as topologically ordered vectors of indices enables calculation ...

As is widely recognized in Lyapunov analysis, linearized Hamilton's equations of motion have two marginal directions for which the Lyapunov exponents vanish. Those directions are the tangent one to a Hamiltonian flow and the gradient one of the Hamiltonian function. To separate out these two directions and to apply Lyapunov analysis effectively in directions for which Lyapunov exponents are not...

We describe a 2-milligram artificial elementary eye whose structure and functionality is inspired by compound eye ommatidia. Its optical sensitivity and electronic architecture are sufficient to generate the required signals for the measurement of local optic flow vectors in multiple directions. Multiple elementary eyes can be assembled to create a compound vision system of desired shape and cu...

To ensure the safety of a scramjet, an arrangement scheme adjacent regenerative cooling channels with opposite flow directions is adopted to decrease maximum wall temperature. Based on extended corresponding-state methods, and heat transfer characteristics supercritical n-decane in same under pressure 3 MPa are comprehensively investigated this paper. Compared direction, local temperature notab...