The short integuments 2 (sin2) mutation arrests cell division during integument development of the Arabidopsis ovule and also has subtle pleiotropic effects on both sepal and pistil morphology. Genetic interactions between sin2 and other ovule mutations show that cell division, directionality of growth, and cell expansion represent at least partially independent processes during integument deve...

have shown that the amount of sucrose can be used to differentiate the adulteration of honey samples by sugar syrups.5, 6 High levels of sucrose may indicate a variety of adulterations, such as adding cheap sweeteners, like cane sugar or refined beet sugar, during early harvest. Due to these factors, various regulations require a minimum amount of reducing sugars and a maximum amount of sucrose...

The currently global and urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies to fight the continuous rise of microbial resistance led to a re-evaluation of the therapeutic use of ancient medicines such as honey. The antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) properties of honey are dependent on physicochemical parameters, floral and entomological origin, harvesting process and st...

A screen for mutations affecting flower formation was carried out and several filamentous flower (fil) alleles were identified. In fil mutants, floral primordia occasionally give rise to pedicels lacking flowers at their ends. This defect is dramatically enhanced in fil rev double mutants, in which every floral primordium produces a flowerless pedicel. These data suggest that the FIL and REV ge...

Honey production in our country has increased compared to the last decade. East Kazakhstan, Almaty and South Kazakhstan regions are main producers of honey. The floral diversity makes it possible obtain many types monofloral honey several combinations polyfloral Floral origin is one most important factors influencing market. Monofloral more popular among consumers due its taste, special charact...

Can consumer knowledge that a scent is 100% composed of natural ingredients influence sensory perception of the fragrance? In the present study, 112 participants were asked to test and evaluate a floral fragrance. Prior to the test and the evaluation of the scent, half of the consumers were informed of the 100% natural origin of its components, while the other half were not provided with that i...

Three types of monofloral honey from the Andean regions of Ecuador (Avocado, Eucalyptus, and Rapeseed honey) were analyzed to determine their floral origin, physicochemical parameters, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and their capacity to reduce in vitro bacterial biofilms. The chemical composition varied considerably depending on floral origin. The highest values of bioactive compo...

Understanding the evolutionary leap from non-flowering (gymnosperms) to flowering (angiosperms) plants and the origin and vast diversification of the floral form has been one of the focuses of plant evolutionary developmental biology. The evolving diversity and increasing complexity of organisms is often due to relatively small changes in genes that direct development. These "developmental cont...

We investigated the origin of stylar polymorphisms in Narcissus, which possesses a remarkable range of stylar conditions and diverse types of floral morphology and pollination biology. Reconstruction of evolutionary change was complicated by incomplete resolution of trees inferred from two rapidly evolving chloroplast regions, but we bracketed reconstructions expected on the fully resolved plas...

MADS-box genes in plants control various aspects of development and reproductive processes including flower formation. To obtain some insight into the roles of these genes in morphological evolution, we investigated the origin and diversification of floral MADS-box genes by conducting molecular evolutionary genetics analyses. Our results suggest that the most recent common ancestor of today's f...