In deep submicron CMOS and BICMOS technologies, antenna effects affect floating gate charge of usual floating gate test structures, dedicated to capacitor matching measurement. In this paper a new pseudo-floating gate test structure is designed. After test structure and modeling presentation, testing method and results are given for several capacitor layouts (poly-poly and metal-metal). key wor...

The purpose of the two pilot studies was to determine the feasibility and safety of using less-radical fertility-preserving surgery: laparoscopic lymphadenectomy with sentinel lymph node identification (SLNI) followed by a large cone or simple trachelectomy (LAP-I protocol) and the LAP-III protocol, which includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). LAP-I: Forty women underwent laparoscopic SLNI, f...

Speciation is a key determinant in the toxicity, behavior, and fate of arsenic (As) in the environment. However, little is known about the transformation of As species mediated by floating macrophytes and the phyllosphere bacteria in aquatic and wetland environment. In this study, Wolffia australiana, a rootless floating duckweed, was cultured with (W+B) or without (W-B) phyllosphere bacteria t...

Low voltage (LV) analog circuit design techniques are addressed in this tutorial. In particular, (i) technology considerations; (ii) transistor model capable to provide performance and power tradeoffs; (iii) low voltage implementation techniques capable to reduce the power supply requirements, such as bulk-driven, floating-gate, and self-cascode MOSFETs; (iv) basic LV building blocks; (v) multi...

Floating point unit is commonly used in computers. However, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for floating point operations such as addition or subtraction is complicated. Moreover, many floating point ALUs are designed to operate in many clock cycles. Thus, its speed are varied depend on the number of clock cycle. However, in many field, circuits with fix delay time are preferred. This work prop...

A single-electron memory, in which a bit of information is stored by one electron, is demonstrated at room temperature. The memory is a floating gate metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor in silicon with a channel width ( approximately 10 nanometers) smaller than the Debye screening length of a single electron and a nanoscale polysilicon dot ( approximately 7 nanometers by 7 nanometers) as the f...

Most motion control systems for mechatronic systems are implemented on digital computers. In this paper we present an FPGA based solution implemented on a low cost Xilinx Spartan III FPGA. A Production Cell setup with multiple parallel operating units is chosen as a test case. The embedded control software for this system is designed in gCSP using a reusable layered CSP based software structure...