BACKGROUND In recent years, distal nerve transfers have become a valid tool for nerve reconstruction. Though grafts remain the gold standard for proximal median nerve injuries, a new distal transfer of flexor carpi ulnaris branches of the ulnar nerve to selectively restore anterior interosseous nerve function, concomitant with median nerve graft repair, could enhance outcomes. The objective of ...

Transfer of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) to replace the power of the paralysed extensor digitorum communis and extensor pollicies longus has been described in the literature. However the use of FCU for strengthening flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) is relatively not widely known. In this report the use of the technique is dicussed to successfully restore the strength of the fingers of a l...

BACKGROUND OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e., muscle distribution, dosing) of onabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of adult spasticity, as reported in published studies. METHODS A systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies published between 1990 and 2011 reporting data on muscles i...

Extramuscular connective tissue and muscular fascia have been suggested to form a myo-fascial pathway for transmission of forces over a joint that is additional to the generally accepted myo-tendinous pathway. The consequences of myo-fascial force transmission for the outcome of conventional muscle tendon transfer surgery has not been studied as yet. To test the hypothesis that surgical dissect...

There was no difference in the incidence of recurrence of superficial digital flexor tendinitis in horses treated conservatively compared with those treated by intralesional sodium hyaluronate, glycosaminoglycan polysulfate, or systemic glycosaminoglycan polysulfate. Author’s address: Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Snailwell Rd., Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 8JH, England. r 1997 AAEP.

BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the windmill softball pitch have focused primarily on shoulder musculature and function, collecting limited data on elbow and forearm musculature. Little information is available in the literature regarding the forearm. This study documents forearm muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity that has not been previously published. PURPOSE Elbow and upper ...

Repetitive valgus stress of the elbow can result in excessive strain or rupture of the native medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL). The flexor-pronator mass (FPM) may be particularly important for elbow valgus stability in overhead-throwing athletes. The aim of this study was to identify the relative contribution of each muscle of the FPM--that is, the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), flexor digi...