We investigate the phenomenon of selection via flatness. In the static case, the finiteness of the population does not seriously influence the increase of mean fitness of population due to flatness around a peak. The effect is proportional to 1/square root(L), where L is the genome length. We investigated the two peak model (high peak and a flat peak). We find that the selection of flatness for...

The maximum entropy method obtains the flattest spectrum consistent with the given autocorrelation values, according to a specific flatness measure. In this correspondence, the suitability of the maximum flatness criterion for spectral estimation is discussed, concluding that it offers useful insight into the spectral models arising from the optimization approach.

Flatness measurement using shape-rolls has been used in cold rolling mills for a long time. The benefit is obvious since the measured flatness profile can be used directly to control roll bending, tilt and cooling profile. It was therefore integrated in the mill control system at an early stage to control the strip shape against a target I-unit profile. However, since the flatness is also affec...

This research work contains results on flatness-based control and sensor fusion for mobile robot systems. Flatness-based control is applicable to differentially flat systems i.e. to systems the behavior of which is determined by the trajectory of a finite collection of quantities, consisting of the flat output and its derivatives [Mounier, H. & Roudolf, J. (2001)],[Rouchon, P. (2005)]. Flatness...

This paper presents a formulation of differential flatness—a concept originally introduced by Fliess, Levine, Martin, and Rouchon—in terms of absolute equivalence between exterior differential systems. Systems that are differentially flat have several useful properties that can be exploited to generate effective control strategies for nonlinear systems. The original definition of flatness was g...

This study examines the effects of organizational flatness, coordination (cross-functional coordination, cross-plant coordination and supply chain coordination) and product modularity on mass customization capability (MCC) development. We develop a flatness-coordination-modularity-MCC model. Data from 317 firms located in ten countries across three industries are analyzed to test the research m...

Peer-to-peer lending is hypothesized to help equalize economic opportunities for the world's poor. We empirically investigate the "flat-world" hypothesis, the idea that globalization eventually leads to economic equality, using crowdfinancing data for over 660,000 loans in 220 nations and territories made between 2005 and 2013. Contrary to the flat-world hypothesis, we find that peer-to-peer le...

We introduce a concept of differential flatness for systems described by nonlinear partial differential equations. It generalizes the now classical notion of differential flatness for finite differential systems and its recent extensions to linear partial differential equations. We apply it to the motion planning of a very flexible rod, outside of the linear approximation range.

A number of perceptual features have been utilized for the characterization of the emotional state of a speaker. However, for automatic recognition suitable objective features are needed. We have examined several features of the speech signal in relation to accentuation and traces of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during affective speech perception. Concerning the features of the speech ...