We analysed the static footprints of 1846 skeletally mature individuals to establish the influence of the age at which shoe-wearing began on the prevalence of flat foot. The incidence was 3.24% among those who started to wear shoes before the age of six years, 3.27% in those who began between the ages of 6 and 15 and 1.75% in those who first wore shoes at the age of 16 (p < 0.001). Flat foot wa...

BACKGROUND Concern about a child's flat foot posture is a common reason for frequent clinical consultations for an array of health care and medical professionals. The recently developed paediatric flatfoot clinical-care pathway (FFP) has provided an evidence based approach to diagnosis and management. The intra and inter-rater/measurer reliability of the FFP has been investigated in this study....

Background The Centre of Pressure Progression (COPP) is thought to be a useful measure of dynamic function of the foot [1]. The COPP has been used as an outcome measure in flat foot surgery, with an improved COPP defining a successful surgical result [2]. It is, however, unclear how the COPP varies in children with flat feet (FF) compared to those with normal arches (NA) and how this relates to...

In some situations, when an external disturbance occurs, humans can rock stably backward and forward by lifting the toe or the heel to keep the upright balance without stepping. Many control schemes have been proposed for standing balance control under external disturbances without stepping. But, in most of them researchers have only considered a flat foot phase. In this paper a framework is pr...

Loading response challenges the limb with the dual demands of accepting rapidly moving body weight to both absorb the shock of floor contact and create a stable limb over which the body can advance. Delay in achieving foot flat contact with the floor causes a prolonged period of heel only support and results in an unstable base of support for those persons with transtibial amputations. The purp...

The purpose of this paper is to advocate simple calcaneal osteotomy as an effective treatment to relieve fatigue, improve shape and prevent abnormal shoe wear in patients with mobile flat foot. It is reserved for those cases in which conservative measures have failed and the symptoms warrant surgical treatment. The concept of calcaneal osteotomy is an old one. The first description was given by...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and lesions of diverse ankle structures diagnosed at MRI with radiologic signs of flat foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively compared 29 patients that had posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (all 29 studied with MRI and 21 also studied with weight-bearing plain-film X-rays) with a control group of 28 patients...

Background: The validity of clinical measurements such as Arch Index for the evaluation of flat foot has not been fully established for the physicians. Objectives: We conducted this study to compare the Arch Index (AI) and Foot Posture Index (FPI) between normal and flat foot children and to assess the differences between the pattern of arch and score of FPI. Patients & Methods: Clinical measur...