Coral reefs are built of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced biogenically by a diversity of calcifying plants, animals, and microbes. As the ocean warms and acidifies, there is mounting concern that declining calcification rates could shift coral reef CaCO3 budgets from net accretion to net dissolution. We quantified net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and production (NEP) on Dongsha Atoll, northe...

The optimal path cover problem is to find a minimum number of vertex disjoint paths which together cover all the vertices of the graph. Finding an optimal path cover for an arbitrary graph is known to be NP-complete [3]. However, polynornial-time algorithms exist for trees [4], cacti [4] and for interval graphs [9]. The solution presented in [2] For circular-arc graphs is known to be wrong. In ...

Evaluating and improving snow models and outflow predictions for hydrological applications is hindered by the lack of continuous data on bulk volumetric liquid water content (θw) and storage capacity of the melting snowpack. The combination of upward looking ground-penetrating radar and conventional snow height sensors enable continuous, nondestructive determinations of θw in natural snow cover...

This study, in a broad sense, fills in the missing parts in previous efforts at pullback stripping mode design with a dipping coal seam. Three different spoiling procedures have been developed: the normal mode, where the coal seam is flat/nearly flat; the uphill mode, where the coal seam is dipping and the dragline spoils uphill; and the downhill mode, where the coal seam is again dipping but t...

We present an analytical one-dimensional model potential for the description of electronic interface states that form at the interface between a metal surface and flat-lying adlayers of π-conjugated organic molecules. The model utilizes graphene as a universal representation of these organic adlayers. It predicts the energy position of the interface state as well as the overlap of its wave func...

We present an initial feasibility summary of a femtosecond synchrotron radiation x-ray source based on a flat-beam rf gun and a recirculating superconducting linac that provides beam to an array of undulators and bend magnets. Optical pulse durations of <100 fs are obtained by a combination of electron pulse compression, transverse temporal correlation of the electrons, and x-ray pulse compress...

In the following we will discuss a cost effective immersive gaming environment and the implementation in Blender [1], an open source game engine. This extends traditional approaches to immersive gaming which tend to concentrate on multiple flat screens, sometimes surrounding the player, or cylindrical [2] displays. In the former there are unnatural gaps between each display due to screen framin...