We refine the definition of the fractional Galois ideal introduced in [Paul Buckingham. The canonical fractional Galois ideal at s = 0. J. Number Theory, 128(6):1749–1768, 2008] which was based on Snaith’s fractional ideal, allowing us to give a general relationship of this object with the Stark elements appearing in Rubin’s integral sharpening of Stark’s Conjecture. We motivate this by using t...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

The main conjectures in Iwasawa theory predict the relationship between modules and $p$-adic $L$-functions. Using a certain proved formulation of conjecture, Greither Kurihara described explicitly (initial) Fitting ideals for cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions finite abelian extensions totally real fields. In this paper, we generalize algebraic behind their work by de...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.

Let X be a topological space and R be a subring of RX. By determining some special topologies on X associated with the subring R, characterizations of maximal fixxed and maximal growing ideals in R of the form Mx(R) are given. Moreover, the classes of zR-ideals and z0R-ideals are introduced in R which are topological generalizations of z-ideals and z0-ideals of C(X), respectively. Various c...

This paper consider the   general  forms of $(alpha,beta)$-fuzzyleft ideals (right ideals, bi-ideals, interior ideals) of an orderedsemigroup, where$alpha,betain{in_{gamma},q_{delta},in_{gamma}wedgeq_{delta}, in_{gamma}vee q_{delta}}$ and $alphaneqin_{gamma}wedge q_{delta}$. Special attention is paid to$(in_{gamma},ivq)$-left ideals (right ideals, bi-ideals, interiorideals) and some related  pr...

Let $S$ be an ordered semigroup. A fuzzy subset of $S$ is anarbitrary mapping   from $S$ into $[0,1]$, where $[0,1]$ is theusual interval of real numbers. In this paper,  the concept of fuzzygeneralized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup $S$ is introduced.Regular ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy leftideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals.Finally, two m...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})− fuzzy subnear-ring which is a generalization of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy subnear-ring. we have given examples which are ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})−fuzzy ideals but they are not ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy ideals. we have also introduced the notions of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ ...