* This work was supported by a research grant (P.H.S. Grant H-2001 C) from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S.A. Paper to be read at the Symposium on Physiology of Circulation of the International Congress of Cardiology, Brussels, September 14-21, 1958. 1 A. Fick, Verhandl. d. phys-med. Ges., N.F. II, (Sitzungsberichte fuir 1870), p. 16. 2M. B. Visscher and J. A. John...

1. Dillon WP, Fishman RA. Some lessons learned about the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:1001–1002. 2. Wright–St. Clair RE. Doctors Monro: a medical saga. London: The Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1964. 3. Monro A. Observations on structure and functions of the nervous system. Edinburgh: Creech and Johnson, 1783. 4. Kellie G. Appe...

Based on the fact that our social and national identities are usually communicated interpreted through language (Abdelhadi (2017), Sacic (2018)), scholarly belief a shift in one’s language, from his/her mother tongue to more dominant can contribute an unintentional cultural merge or loss of original identity (Fishman (1991), Nowak (2020)), current paper aims shed light research concerned with (...

• The observation that hypoxia causes an elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure probably secondary to pulmonary vasoconstriction led von Euler and Liljestrand to suggest that local pulmonary hypoxia might play a role in controlling the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. One method of studying this proposed mechanism in man has been to induce unilateral hypoxia by means of a bronchospiromet...

We read, with considerable dismay, a recent Research Article on cholera toxin (CT) internalization (Torgersen et al., 2001), in which the authors extensively challenged methods, results and conclusions that we had published four years ago (Orlandi and Fishman, 1998). As space limits a point-by-point rebuttal of their comments and critique of the many deficiencies in their study, we encourage re...

Alkaline phosphatases (APs, E.C.3.1.3.1., orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolases) are ubiquitous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing a wide variety of monophosphate esters at alkaline pH optima. These enzymes exist in nature in species as different as E. coli and man, suggesting that APs have fundamental biological roles (for review see McComb et al., 1979). The in vivo function(s) of APs, howe...