attempts have been made to study the thermodynamic behavior of 1,3 butadiene purification columns with the aim of retrofitting those columns to more energy efficient separation schemes. 1,3 butadiene is purified in two columns in series through being separated from methyl acetylene and 1,2 butadiene in the first and second column respectively. comparisons have been made among different therm...

In terms of financing, penetration in global markets and emphasis on comparative advantage, attracting FDI play a key role in boosting economic growth, providing foreign exchange and increasing non-oil exports. In this study, the effect of determinants on foreign-owned firms survival is investigated by the Complementary Log-Log Model. To achieve the purpose, the future status of valid foreign i...

Since paying over or not paying dividends can cause the firms to face financial crises, firms are always looking for discovery and using a target (optimal) dividend payout ratio. It should be noted that a dividend ratio is a dynamic number and a variety of factors affect it over time. The movement speed of the dividend payout ratio towards the target depends on several factors. This paper inves...

The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of tax avoidance on the cost of equity firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The study sample consists of 75 Firms listed in Tehran stock Exchange during the 2001 to 2010. Effective tax rate is used as measurement of tax avoidance. In order to testing the research hypothesizes, Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) and Panel Data have bee...

the current study examined iranian undergraduate efl students’ willingness to communicate with regard to their vocabulary knowledge. in general, participants were somewhat willing to communicate in english. the total mean score of 730 university students’ perception of willing to communicate was 83.53 out of 135. results, regarding four parts of willingness to communicate, revealed that part...

سرمایه گذاران همواره تمایل دارند تا از میزان موفقیت مدیران در به کارگیری از سرمایه شان آگاهی یابند . آنها علاقه مند هستند تا دریابند از سرمایه گذاری انجام شده ، چه اندازه ارزش ایجاد شده است . تحلیل گران به دنبال معیاری هستند تا با در نظر گرفتن هزینه سرمایه و نرخ بازده سرمایه گذاری برای حداکثر کردن ارزش شرکت و افزایش ثروت سهامداران اقدام کنند. این پژوهشجهت تعیین فرصت های سرمایه گذاری از تحلیل عا...

nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

  Financing strategy in corporations is one of the most important subject matters among accounting and finance scholars. Investment in companies to increase profitability is one of the important purposes of financing activities. Different methods for execution of financing activities include: Internal finance, external finance and combination of these two.   The problem is that whether there is...