We investigated the spontaneous activity and properties of freshly isolated ventral tegmental area (VTA) principal neurons by whole cell recording and single-cell RT-PCR. The VTA principal neurons, which were tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)-negative, exhibited low firing frequency and a long action potential (AP) duration. The VTA principal neurons exhibite...

We propose a novel formulation of the firing squad synchronization problem. In this formulation we may use more than one general state and the general state to be used is determined by the boundary condition of the general. We show that the usual formulation and the new formulation yield different minimum firing times for some variations of the problem. Our results suggest that the new formulat...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical applicability of cast CP titanium crowns fabricated with sintered molds. To this end, the dimensional changes and accuracy of fit of cast CP titanium crowns, manufactured under varying mold firing temperatures, were examined. Molds were fired at 7 temperatures. The outer height of the crown and outer width of the occlusal surface decreas...

Introduction: Purkinje Cell (PC) output displays a complex firing pattern consisting of high frequency sodium spikes and low frequency calcium spikes, and disruption in this firing behavior may contribute to cerebellar ataxia. Riluzole, neuroprotective agent, has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in cerebellar ataxia. Here, the spectral analysis of PCs firing in control, 3-acety...

Abstract Biomass is one of the world’s greatest sustainable energy potentials. Utilization biomass in form Co-firing coal fuel with alternative to reduce dependence fossil fuels towards green power plant. This paper addresses Co-Firing modelling test results up 50% using palm kernel shell (palm shell) Ketapang Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP) 2x10 MW. CFPP has circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boile...

In the local cortical network, spontaneous emergent activity self-organizes in rhythmic patterns. These rhythms include a slow one (<1 Hz), consisting in alternation of up and down states, and also faster rhythms (10-80 Hz) generated during up states. Varying the temperature in the bath between 26 and 41 degrees C resulted in a strong modulation of the emergent network activity. Up states becam...

Human C-tactile (CT) afferents respond vigorously to gentle skin stroking and have gained attention for their importance in social touch. Pharmacogenetic activation of the mouse CT equivalent has positively reinforcing, anxiolytic effects, suggesting a role in grooming and affiliative behavior. We recorded from single CT axons in human participants, using the technique of microneurography, and ...