This paper focuses on the growth and spread stage of full-scale fires in enclosures, where a localised flame spreads across a single fuel item, increasing the heat release rate, thereby resulting in increased fire hazard. The development of a numerical model for fire spread over a solid fuel surface, and its integration into a CFD model, is described. The conflicting demands of resolving the sm...

We present a methodology to change the state of the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the fire spread code SFIRE, based on Rothermel’s formula and the level set method, and with a fuel moisture model. The fire perimeter in the model changes in response to data while the model is running. However, the atmosphere state takes time to develop in response to the forcing by the he...

Collectively, landscape structure, fuel loading, and weather control wildland fires. Our objective was to examine the impacts of landscape structure, weather and fire-ignition location on fire spread using FARSITE. We simulated surface fires in the Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin, on five landscapes: a control and four harvested landscapes created using HARVEST by varying the amount (2% ...

The massive forests of central Amazonia are often considered relatively resilient against climatic variation, but this view is challenged by the wildfires invoked by recent droughts. The impact of such fires that spread from pervasive sources of ignition may reveal where forests are less likely to persist in a drier future. Here we combine field observations with remotely sensed information for...

DEVS-FIRE is a discrete event system specification (DEVS) model for simulating wildfire spread and suppression. It employs a cellular space model to simulate fire spread and agent models that interact with the cellular space to simulate fire suppression with realistic tactics. The complex interplay among forest cells and agents calls for formal treatment of the fire spread and fire suppression ...

Forest fire sequences can be modelled as a stochastic point process where events are characterized by their spatial locations and occurrence in time. Cluster analysis permits the detection of the space/time pattern distribution of forest fires. These analyses are useful to assist fire-managers in identifying risk areas, implementing preventive measures and conducting strategies for an efficient...

BACKGROUND Laser surgery is an attractive alternative to other means of section device in terms of tissue inflammation and interaction, which has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine. Although accidental ignition during laser surgeries is sporadically reported in human medical literature, to the authors' knowledge this is the first report regarding laser-dependent fire ignitio...

To realize large-percentage biomass co-firing with coal in existing coal-fired boilers, the combustion behavior of biomass is expected to be similar or comparable to that of coal. When co-firing with coal, biomass is not necessarily to be ground as fine as the dedicated coal particles, because of its higher reactivity. With the objective of achieving promising performance of co-firing with dedi...

Flame spreading is a very important phenomenon in the hazard assessment for fire, which is a key element in providing fire safety in buildings with engineering performance-based fire codes. A mathematical model is presented in this paper to predict the flame spreading of materials using the experimental data from cone calorimeter. Numerical prediction of the flame front position and flame sprea...

1 Fire is one of the main disturbances in Mediterranenan ecosystems. In the recent decades, in 2 Catalonia (NE Spain), the number of fires has decreased while burnt area has increased. This is 3 related to changes in land use, climate and fire suppression policies which influenced 4 horizontal and vertical fuel continuity. From all the factors influencing fire risk only fuel load is 5 manageabl...