the foundation of anatomy and medicine is based on the efforts of the daring and genius scholars, and those who had the intensity to change the situation. a professor at the university of padua, the belgian anatomist andreas vesalius is one of such great pioneers who, 502 years later, is still known as a great scholar and revolutionary anatomist. he wrote a book entitled “fabrica” in anatomy in...

in research on the history of medicine, less attention is paid to the subject of historical geography . considering the importance of this subject in the history of science, this paper discusses one of the most important science centers in the world. this outstanding medical research center was located in gorganch city, chorasmia area, in the eastern part of the islamic. chorasmia medical schoo...

background: current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. albucasis, the muslim spanish physician in 10 century ad was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. he introduced a type of surgical knife named mok...

abu al-qasim khalaf ibn-e-abbas zahrawi(936-1013 a.d.), known as albucasis in west, was one of the greatest physicians in the islamic world. to many historians, he was considered as the father of modern surgery. his book, al-tasrif, e.g., written in 30 chapters, was, in fact, a medical encyclopedia of that era. it was used as one of the main references in medical academic centers for centuries....

from the historical and medical point of view, this paper purports to illustrate two motifs of immaculate conception in christian art. the first painting is an altarpiece of unknown author from the 17th or 18th century, known as our lady of conception in the church of st. antony the abbot in the city of rab on the island of the same name in croatia, and the other is a mural from 1490, mary’s an...

in his seminal book on the historical periods of western attitudes toward death, philippe aries describes four consecutive periods through which these attitudes evolved and transformed. according to him, the historical attitudes of western cultures have passed through four major parts described above: “tamed death,” one’s own death,” “thy death,” and “forbidden death.” this paper, after explori...

The Food and drug were developed by pharmacists and physicians, in particular Persian scientists throughout medical history. There was an especial view on the subject of nutrition and medications in Persian medicine (PM). Avicenna was one of the main Persian physicians who contributed to this field in the Canon of medicine “Al-qanun-fi-al-tibb”, his main medical and pharmaceutical text book in ...