BACKGROUND The physical and psychological impact of female genital mutilation / cutting (FGM/C) can be substantial, long term, and irreversible. Parts of the health sector in Australia have developed guidelines in the management of FGM/C, but large gaps exist in community and professional knowledge of the consequences and treatment of FGM/C. The prevalence of FGM/C amongst Australian women is u...

BACKGROUND Female genital mutilation (FGM) is one of the important aspects of reproductive health. The economic, social and health consequences of FGM threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to assess the economic, social and reproductive health consequences of FGM from the perspective of individual, family, community and health system. METHODS...

Three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used to compute mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for three-dimensional cracks in elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are subject to general mixed-mode loading. The method, which advantageously does not require special mesh configuration/modifications and post-processing of finite element results, is an enhancement of previou...

• Advantages of the boundary element method and meshless approaches are inherited in hybrid MDDM to deal with crack problems. Cracked Reissner's plate non homogenous media is investigated by first time. High accurate/convergent solutions using Chebyshev polynomials can be obtained . Growing applications non-homogenous engineering structures require application powerful computational tools. A no...

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades Egypt has attempted to limit and control female genital mutilation (FGM). However, these efforts have not succeeded in curbing the practice, which maintains wide popular support and is firmly embedded in local traditions and structures. An attitudinal change is therefore a prerequisite for any successful campaign against FGM. This paper charts the evolution ...

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the attitudes of women and their husband's towards female genital mutilation (FGM) and their associations with the continuation of FGM upon their daughters. METHODS Subjects were 10,345 (in 1997) and 11,252 (in 2003) ever married women aged 15 to 49 years from the Yemen Demographic Health Surveys. Performances of FGM on the most-recently-born daughters were investigate...

BACKGROUND Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or cutting caries legal and bioethical debates and it is practiced in many developing countries. METHODS Random selection of 154 midwives was used for the study during June 2012 and through July 2012 aiming to assess knowledge and attitudes of the midwives towards FGM in Eastern Sudan. RESULTS A total of 157 midwives enrolled in this study. They ha...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a common practice in many countries in Africa and the Middle East. Understanding the determinants of FGM can lead to more active interventions to prevent this harmful practice. The goal of this study is to explore factors associated with FGM behavior among Iranian mothers and their daughters. Based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, we examined the p...