Diabetic retinopathy has been examined in dogs made diabetic by bovine growth hormone or alloxan, and in humans. The thin-walled microaneurysm is a simple expansion of the circumference of the capillary with basement membrane thickening. The thick-walled microaneurysm represents the deposition of considerable debris between layers of thickened basement membrane, as well as compression phenomeno...

We determine, for all genus g ≥ 2 the Riemann surfaces of genus g with exactly 4g automorphisms. For g 6= 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30, this surfaces form a real Riemann surface Fg in the moduli space Mg: the Riemann sphere with three punctures. We obtain the automorphism groups and extended automorphism groups of the surfaces in the family. Furthermore we determine the topological types of the real form...

In this article, the time-dependent stress redistribution analysis of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) thick-walled sphere subjected to mechanical, electrical, magnetic and uniform temperature gradient as well as moisture concentration gradient is presented. Combining constitutive equations of MEE with stress-strain relations as well as strain-displacement relations results in obtaining a differen...

Introduction: One of the important problems of using high energy linacs is the production of photoneutrons. High energy medical linacs produce secondary neutrons. These phtoneutrons increase patient dose   Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of plastic trays on spectrum of photoneutrons produced by 18MV linac is investigated using the MCNP4C code...

Developing clinical work suggests that vascular stiffening plays a role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), while recent studies in animal models of hypoxic PH have found significant proximal vascular stiffening in the diseased population. Here, we develop and validate a minimally invasive, clinically realizable method to estimate the local elastic modulus of the proximal pulmona...

Repeatable and accurate evaluation of flaws from the inaccessible sides of thick-walled structures is still remained as one of the hurdles in the field of NDE of flaws. The present paper describes the development of an effective DC potential-drop measuring system for evaluating the response of rear wall flaws, especially in thick-walled structures, in which an ideal averaging scheme is introduc...

Creep behavior of thick-walled functionally graded cylinder consisting of AlSiC and subjected to internal pressure and high temperature has been analyzed. The functional relationship between strain rate with stress can be described by the well known threshold stress based creep law with a stress exponent of five. The effect of imposing non-linear particle gradient on the distribution of creep s...

In this study, static and free vibration analyses of functionally graded (FG) nanocomposite plates, reinforced by wavy single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation, were investigated based on a mesh-free method and modified first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Three linear types of FG nanocomposite plate distributions and a uniform distribution of wa...