Copper ions, either alone or in copper complexes, have been used to disinfect liquids, solids and human tissue for centuries. Today copper is used as a water purifier, algaecide, fungicide, nematocide, molluscicide as well as an anti-bacterial and anti-fouling agent. Copper also displays potent anti-viral activity. This article reviews (i) the biocidal properties of copper; (ii) the possible me...

This article examines recognition relations between students and teachers in Finnish music schools. The research is based on written texts by school students. are analysed for difficulties relations, namely, hindrances to In the texts, some of respondents describe situations that can be as recognition. author analyses four different types recognition-related problems data, main issue being a te...

NPD teams enhance their change of success when they process rich and diverse market information in the course of a new product innovation trajectory. A large body of literature has advocated that including this information, such as insights on developments in market segments and customer needs regarding product applications, in new product decisionmaking is critical for new product performance....

in this paper a discrete big bang-big crunch algorithm is applied to optimal design of reinforced concrete planar frames under the gravity and lateral loads. optimization is based on aci 318-08 code. columns are assumed to resist axial loads and bending moments, while beams resist only bending moments. second-order effects are also considered for the compression members, and columns are checked...