BACKGROUND The extent of the benefits of exercise training during pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcomes has not been sufficiently addressed. While aerobic exercise training has been determined as safe and efficacious throughout pregnancy, the effects of other training modes on fetal health and development as well as any continued benefits for the neonate, especially with re...

OBJECTIVE To describe the current investigation and management of non-immune fetal hydrops, with a focus on treatable or recurring etiologies. OUTCOMES To provide better counselling and management in cases of prenatally diagnosed non-immune hydrops. EVIDENCE Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed or MEDLINE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library in 2011 using key words (no...

We present a case of fetal tachycardia associated with maternal use of long-acting pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter decongestant. No previous studies exist on pseudoephedrine or other over-the-counter decongestants and their effect on the fetal heart. The elevated fetal heart rate led to difficulty in interpreting a nonstress test. The normal human fetal heart rate at term is 110 to 160 bea...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sever early dental caries in childhood is one of the health problems. This study was performed to determine the association between weight at 25 and 28 weeks of fetal life and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) at 1.5-2 years of age among some of children in Kerman, Iran.METHODS: In this longitudinal study, 100 pregnant mothers and their newborns examined via sonography f...

Background & aim: Paternal-fetal attachment develops an emotional relationship between father and his infant which can affect their future interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of attachment training on paternal-fetal attachment. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in Karmandan and 22 Bahman health centers in Mashhad in 2015. The participants of the stu...

Background & aim: Maternal-fetal attachment has an important effect on mother's identity as well as maternal and fetal health. Moreover, this concept is considered as a crucial issue for the improvement of children emotional development. Regarding the Islamic recommendations on maternal-fetal attachment and its correlation with maternal affection, this study was conducted to review the importan...

The developmental origins of disease or fetal programming model predict that early exposures to threat or adverse conditions have lifelong consequences that result in harmful outcomes for health. The maternal endocrine 'fight or flight' system is a source of programming information for the human fetus to detect threats and adjust their developmental trajectory for survival. Fetal exposures to i...