Pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. As the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) p...

Oxalic acid is commonly used in industry. It is also found to be the main intermediate in many advanced oxidation processes for organic removal, especially in the Fenton process. In this study, we used an electrochemical oxidation process to mineralize oxalic acid. Effects of different cathodes, anions and concentration of ferric ion on current efficiency were discussed. Better current efficien...

Ferric chloride induced dehydrodimerization of l,2 ,3 ,4 -te trah yd ro-9 //-carb azole (1) gives pro­ duct 6 , the structure of which was established on the basis of its spectroscopic properties. The *H and 13C chemical shifts of the arom atic part of 1 , as well as of 4a-m eth yl-2 ,3 ,4 ,4a-tetrah yd ro-l Hcarbazole (7 a ) and 4a-ph enyl-2 ,3 ,4 ,4a-tetrahyd ro-l//-carb azole (7b ) have also...

A microinjection of ferric chloride solution into the left frontal cortex of rats induced epileptic discharges which were recorded by electrocorticography. In animals having such electrographic seizure activity 30 to 60 days after the injection, the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by norepinephrine was examined in slices from four cortical regions. The accumulation was significantly greater...

The simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of esters has been developed. The procedure is based on the quantitative determination of ferric hydroxamate generated from the reaction of esters, hydroxylamine hydrochloride in basic solution at 120 °C, and ferric chloride. The formed complex was monitored through absorbance at 517 nm. The parameters affecting the absorbance value wer...

We attempted to prepare colloidal iron within tissues by means of microwave irradiation. Mouse tissue blocks were fixed with a mixture of paraformaldehyde and ferric chloride in a cacodylate buffer, immersed in a cacodylate buffered ferric chloride solution, and irradiated in a microwave processor. Colloidal iron was prepared within tissues or cells, and was observed in the form of electron den...

background: olive oil wastewater  contains chemical contents and organic materials that are resistant to biodegradation.  the existence of phenolic inhibitor compounds, toxicity to microorganisms in wastewater treatment units, unpleasant odor, high biochemical oxygen demand (bod) and chemical oxygen demand (cod), high suspended solids, and compounds resistant to biodegradation in such wastewate...