Fengycin, a lipopeptidic antibiotic, is synthesized nonribosomally by five fengycin synthetases (FenC, FenD, FenE, FenA, and FenB) in Bacillus subtilis F29-3. This work demonstrates that these fengycin synthetases interlock to form a chain, which coils into a 14.5-nm structure. In this chain, fengycin synthetases are linked in the order FenC-FenD-FenE-FenA-FenB by interactions between the C-ter...

The dynamic behaviours of a filament in viscoelastic uniform flow were investigated by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. effects the Reynolds numbers (Re, ranging from 10 to 200) and Weissenberg number (Wi, 0 1.2) on flapping motion drag lift coefficients studied. It was found that higher inertial effect (larger Re) promotes filament. In addition, major viscoelasticity Giesekus flu...

Using a code developed to compute high Reynolds number viscoelastic flows, polymer injection from the upstream stagnation point of a circular cylinder is modeled at Re 1⁄4 3900. Polymer stresses are represented using the FENE-P constitutive equations. By increasing polymer injection rates within realistic ranges, significant near wake stabilization is observed. Rather than a turbulent detached ...

System parameters and steady-state convergence criteria For purposes of this work, a mesh size of was used. Steady state equilibrium was determined using the less stringent of the two error criteria as defined below: \* MERGEFORMAT (1) \* MERGEFORMAT (2) The time step used was determined using the maximum value of the FENE force relative to the spatial discretization and rounded for convenience...

In this paper we mainly investigate the inviscid limit for strong solutions of finite extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) dumbbell model. By virtue Littlewood-Paley theory, first obtain a uniform estimate solution to FENE model with viscosity in Besov spaces. Moreover, show that data-to-solution map is continuous. Finally, prove converges Euler system couple Fokker-Planck equation. Furthermore,...

A new method for stabilizing viscoelastic flows is proposed suitable for high-order discretizations. It employs a mode-dependent diffusion operator that guarantees monotonicity while maintaining the formal accuracy of the discretization. Other features of the method are: a high-order time-splitting scheme, modal spectral element expansions on a single grid, and the use of a finitely extensible ...

Abstract Systems coupling fluids and polymers are of great interest in many branches of sciences. One of the most classical models to describe them is the FENE (Finite Extensible Nonlinear Elastic) dumbbell model. We prove global existence of weak solutions to the FENE dumbbell model of polymeric flows. The main difficulty is the passage to the limit in a nonlinear term that has no obvious comp...

The use of biological fluids such as saliva and cervical mucus as diagnostics for measurements of health status is becoming increasingly popular in the fields of biology and medecine, particularly given the non-invasiveness and ease of obtaining such fluids [39, 78]. In general, these biological fluids are polymeric, and as a result tend to be viscoelastic. However, as a result of protease and ...