Androgen administration has been widely used for masculinization in fish. The mechanism of the sex change in sexual fate regulation is not clear. Oral administration or pellet implantation was applied. We orally applied an aromatase inhibitor (AI, to decrease estrogen levels) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT, to increase androgen levels) to induce masculinization to clarify the mechanism of the s...

Background Female sex workers have been disproportionately affected with HIV and anal sexual experience elevate their vulnerability. Anal intercourse has more risk of HIV transmission than vaginal intercourse for receptors that coupled with low condom and proper lubricant use behavior during anal sex. Besides majority of them did not understand HIV transmission risk of anal intercourse. In Ethi...

Background: Prostitution and substance abuse are among the crucial social problems in women, which affect the quality of life. However, no study has yet investigated that prostitution and substance abuse affect which dimension(s) of quality of life. The current study aimed to compare different dimensions of quality of life among female sex workers with and without drug abuse. Methods: The rese...

the evidence suggests that emotional relationship with the opposite sex has been extended and a large group of juvenile's have experienced social relationships with the opposite sex. the basic problem of study is that how juveniles experienced consequences the relationship with the opposite sex on live? and are consequences the relationship with the opposite sex different or similarity amo...

the study of prostitute women's knowledge about ways of hiv transmission in tehran in 1390 azizi h , saboory e *, ghaderi s received: 11 sep , 2013 accepted: 21 nov , 2013 abstract: background & aims: a third wave of sexual transmission of hiv has been increased recently. in this context, one of the high risk groups is female sex workers that as a vulnerable group they are prone to aids an...

Gonadal differentiation is tightly regulated by the initial sex determining gene and the downstream sex-related genes in vertebrates. However, sex change in fish can alter the sexual fate from one sex to the other. Chemical-induced maleness in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper is transient, and a reversible sex change occurs after the chemical treatment is withdrawn. We used these characte...