The extent to which the climate will change due to an external forcing depends largely on radiative feedbacks, which act to amplify or damp the surface temperature response. There are a variety of issues that complicate the analysis of radiative feedbacks in global climate models, resulting in some confusion regarding their strengths and distributions. In this paper, the authors present a metho...

5 Climate sensitivity is generally studied using two types of models. Atmosphere-ocean general 6 circulation models (AOGCMs) include interactive ocean dynamics and detailed heat uptake. 7 Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) with slab ocean models (SOMs) cannot fully simulate the 8 ocean’s response to and influence on climate. However, AGCMs are cheaper computation9 ally and thus are often used to quantify...

In this work, N-periodic linear singular systems are considered. Feedbacks for obtaining positive N-periodic singular systems are analyzed. Some properties on the existence of these feedbacks are established. The concept of holdability of the setR+ is used for getting a positive trajectory of the closed-loop singular systems. This paper examines how feedbacks can be used to modify the trajector...

In reputation systems, agents collectively estimate the others’ behaviours through feedbacks to decide with whom they can interact. To avoid manipulations, most reputation systems weight feedbacks with respect to the agents’ reputation. However, these systems are sensitive to some strategic manipulations, like oscillating attacks or whitewashing. In this paper, we propose (1) a credibility meas...

Organisms can greatly affect their environments, and the feedback coupling between organisms and their environments can shape the evolution of both. Beyond these generally accepted facts, the Gaia hypothesis advances three central propositions: (1) that biologically mediated feedbacks contribute to environmental homeostasis, (2) that they make the environment more suitable for life, and (3) tha...

The use of radiative kernels to diagnose climate feedbacks is a recent development that may be applied to existing climate change simulations. We apply the radiative kernel technique to transient simulations from a multithousand member perturbed physics ensemble of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models, comparing distributions of model feedbacks with those taken from the CMIP-3 mu...

Collaborative filtering aims to make use of users’ feedbacks to improve the recommendation performance, which has been deployed in various industry recommender systems. Some recent works have switched from exploiting explicit feedbacks of numerical ratings to implicit feedbacks like browsing and shopping records, since such data are more abundant and easier to collect. One fundamental challenge...