The nutritional suitability and cost effectiveness of rice polish and mustard oil cake as protein sources in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied. This study introduced rice polish as a plant protein source for Nile tilapia and three diets were formulated using rice polish (0, 10 and 20%) and mustard oil cake (10.0, 17.6 and 22.0%) for a feeding trail of eight weeks to ...

Providing feed is a major input cost in beef production, hence improvements in the efficiency of feed utilisation will reduce the cost of production. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency, and is defined as the difference between an animal's actual feed intake and its expected feed intake based on its size and growth. It is independent of the level of production, and the lo...

On a life-cycle basis, beef animals are able to consume large amounts of low-cost, low-quality forages relative to higher-cost concentrates compared with pigs and chickens. However, of the 3, beef is still more expensive to produce on a cost–per–edible pound basis. Accordingly, there is need for genetic programs and management changes that will improve efficiency, sustainability, and profitabil...

Five groups of broiler chickens were raised on feed containing varying substitutions of single cell protein from preprocessed waste activated sludge (pWAS) in varying compositions of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 pWAS: fishmeal by mass. Forty chickens per batch were evaluated for growth rate, mortality rate, and feed conversion efficiency (ηє). The initial mass gain rate, mortality rate...

It is well recognized that feed represents the most significant cost of broiler production. Most production costs estimates range from 60-70% as being feed costs. Certainly, the major portion of feed costs is for the ingredients used. However, the cost of feed processing represents a significant portion of feed costs and likely gives the greatest opportunity for influencing broiler performance ...

Feed cost remains the largest portion of the variable costs in swine production. To control feed cost, swine producers or their nutritionist continue to look for alternative feedstuffs. Reasons to include alternative feedstuffs in swine diets might be a desire to improve pork quality, nutrient management, animal health, or animal welfare. The main criterion for successful incorporation of alter...

BACKGROUND The assessment of the cost of production and the relative weight of the different production parameters is very important in pig farming. The goals of the present work were 1) to describe reliable reference values for production parameters and pig production cost from 2010 to 2014, 2) to describe their temporal evolution and 3) to determine the influence of the pig company size on th...

other energy depots can be forced, however, genetic associations may remain when phenotypic regression is used. Heritability estimates for phenotypic residual feed intake have been moderate, ranging from 0.26 to 0.43. Genetic correlations of phenotypic residual feed intake with feed intake have been highly positive, suggesting that improvement would produce the correlated response of decreasing...

Feeding trial was conducted in order to study the response of broilers to the different feed additives in combination with one another in order to know which combination of feed additives would give better response. The criteria of response included body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, cost of feed per kg, body weight gain and mortality. In the experiment Driselase, Biovin-40, N...

lenses are often used to converge electromagnetic wave namely they convert incident phase front of feed antenna to a flat phase front. together, the lens and the feed create an electrically large aperture antenna. flat lenses provide the cost and weight benefits of the reflect-arrays, while maintaining the advantages of a lens antenna. these lenses use an array of unit-cells which are excited b...