Combined disinfection with UV radiation and sodium hypochlorite was applied in disinfection the effluent after secondary treatment of hospital sewage. The inactivation effect of different combination modes and sequences of UV and sodium hypochlorite was studied. The contrast experiments of disinfection effect and the levels of residual chlorine were conducted by adding different dosage of sodiu...

A single-step most-probable-number method for enumerating fecal coliforms in sewage treatment plant effluents is described. The method requires the use of only one lactose-based medium and a single incubation temperature of 44.5 degrees C, and it can be completed in 18 h or less, as compared with up to 72 h for the standard most-probable-number method. The appearance of growth is the sole crite...

This study was conducted to determine the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in raw oysters (Crassostrea belcheri) using a virus concentration method and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). A total of 220 oyster samples were collected from oyster farms and local markets in Thailand. HAV was found in three oyster samples. Nested PCR products of HAV detected i...

The application of poultry litter to agricultural fields can provide plant nutrients for crops and forage production, but fecal bacteria and the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone are components of litter that can be detrimental to the environment. Our objective was to determine if applications of poultry litter to small watersheds would contribute to the load of fecal bacteria and sex hor...

For the past century, public health officials have relied on fecal coliforms to identify and track bacterial contamination. However, several issues arise when using coliforms as indicators for viral pathogen risk. First, there is a lack of association between fecal coliforms and human enteric viruses in the environment. Second, there are differences in the fate of coliforms compared to viral pa...

We assessed short-term ecological and potential human health effects of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) effluent by measuring delta 15N per thousand and microbial concentrations in oysters and suspended particulate matter (SPM). We also tested male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) as an alternative to fecal coliforms, to assess potential influence of wastewater contamination on shellfish. WTP effl...